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Molecular structure generation is a fundamental problem that involves determining the 3D positions of molecules' constituents. It has crucial biological applications, such as molecular docking, protein folding, and molecular design. Recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Wenyin Zhou , Christopher Iliffe Sprague , Vsevolod Viliuga , Matteo Tadiello , Arne Elofsson , Hossein Azizpour

Diffusion models have revolutionized image generation in recent years, yet they are still limited to a few sizes and aspect ratios. We propose ElasticDiffusion, a novel training-free decoding method that enables pretrained text-to-image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Moayed Haji-Ali , Guha Balakrishnan , Vicente Ordonez

Diffusion models have become a leading framework in generative modeling, yet their theoretical understanding -- especially for high-dimensional data concentrated on low-dimensional structures -- remains incomplete. This paper investigates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Zixuan Zhang , Kaixuan Huang , Tuo Zhao , Mengdi Wang , Minshuo Chen

Proteins are the basic building blocks of life. They usually perform functions by folding to a particular structure. Understanding the folding process could help the researchers to understand the functions of proteins and could also help to…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2015-10-21 Jianzhu Ma

Humans excel at discovering regular structures from limited samples and applying inferred rules to novel settings. We investigate whether modern generative models can similarly learn underlying rules from finite samples and perform…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Binxu Wang , Jiaqi Shang , Haim Sompolinsky

Generative modeling is typically framed as learning mapping rules, but from an observer's perspective without access to these rules, the task becomes disentangling the geometric support from the probability distribution. We propose that…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-04 Rui Tong

Classifying protein topology is essential for deciphering biological function, but progress is held back by the lack of large-scale benchmarks that avoid duplicates and by models that do not scale well. We introduce TEDBench, a large-scale,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Dexiong Chen , Andrei Manolache , Mathias Niepert , Karsten Borgwardt

Proteins are macromolecules that perform essential functions in all living organisms. Designing novel proteins with specific structures and desired functions has been a long-standing challenge in the field of bioengineering. Existing…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-03-03 Chence Shi , Chuanrui Wang , Jiarui Lu , Bozitao Zhong , Jian Tang

We introduce IntFold, a controllable foundation model for general and specialized biomolecular structure prediction. Utilizing a high-performance custom attention kernel, IntFold achieves accuracy comparable to the state-of-the-art…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-07-08 The IntFold Team , Leon Qiao , Wayne Bai , He Yan , Gary Liu , Nova Xi , Xiang Zhang , Siqi Sun

Sampling useful three-dimensional molecular structures along with their most favorable conformations is a key challenge in drug discovery. Current state-of-the-art 3D de-novo design flow matching or diffusion-based models are limited to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Riccardo Tedoldi , Ola Engkvist , Patrick Bryant , Hossein Azizpour , Jon Paul Janet , Alessandro Tibo

Deep learning has transformed protein design, enabling accurate structure prediction, sequence optimization, and de novo protein generation. Advances in single-chain protein structure prediction via AlphaFold2, RoseTTAFold, ESMFold, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Gregory W. Kyro , Tianyin Qiu , Victor S. Batista

The paradigm shift toward structure-driven molecule generation has been propelled by advances in deep generative models, such as variational auto-encoders and diffusion models. However, these generative models for molecular design remain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Peidong Liu , Wenbo Zhang , Wei Ju , Jiancheng Lv , Xianggen Liu

Predicting spatial gene expression from routine H\&E enables large-scale molecular profiling, yet current models treat this as isolated pointwise tasks, thereby overlooking essential biological structures like gene coordination and spatial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Qi Si , Penglei Wang , Yushuai Wu , Yifeng Jiao , Xuyang Liu , Xin Guo , Yuan Qi , Yuan Cheng

Deep generative models have made rapid progress in image, text, audio, and video generation, and are increasingly being applied to structured records. For tabular data, however, generative modeling remains difficult: a dataset may contain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Zhong Li , Qi Huang , Lincen Yang , Jiayang Shi , Zhao Yang , Niki van Stein , Thomas Bäck , Matthijs van Leeuwen

Accurate protein structures are essential for understanding biological function, yet incorporating experimental data into protein generative models remains a major challenge. Most predictors of experimental observables are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Nadav Bojan Sellam , Meital Bojan , Paul Schanda , Alex Bronstein

Self-supervised pre-training methods on proteins have recently gained attention, with most approaches focusing on either protein sequences or structures, neglecting the exploration of their joint distribution, which is crucial for a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Zuobai Zhang , Minghao Xu , Aurélie Lozano , Vijil Chenthamarakshan , Payel Das , Jian Tang

Generative modeling frameworks have emerged as an effective approach to capture high-dimensional image distributions from large datasets without requiring domain-specific knowledge, a capability essential for longitudinal disease…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Ayantika Das , Arunima Sarkar , Keerthi Ram , Mohanasankar Sivaprakasam

The remarkable success of AlphaFold2 in providing accurate atomic-level prediction of protein structures from their amino acid sequence has transformed approaches to the protein folding problem. However, its core paradigm of mapping one…

Applications · Statistics 2025-12-12 Yongkai Chen , Samuel WK Wong , SC Kou

Generative modelling is a demanding test of foundation models, because it requires robust, holistic representation learning for a given data modality, rather than optimisation for a supervised prediction target alone. While recent work on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Xiangjian Jiang , Mingxuan Liu , Nikola Simidjievski , Tassilo Klein , Mateja Jamnik

Revealing the functional sites of biological sequences, such as evolutionary conserved, structurally interacting or co-evolving protein sites, is a fundamental, and yet challenging task. Different frameworks and models were developed to…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2019-06-07 Justas Dauparas , Haobo Wang , Avi Swartz , Peter Koo , Mor Nitzan , Sergey Ovchinnikov