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We introduce a new variant of Quantum Amplitude Estimation (QAE), called Iterative QAE (IQAE), which does not rely on Quantum Phase Estimation (QPE) but is only based on Grover's Algorithm, which reduces the required number of qubits and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-20 Dmitry Grinko , Julien Gacon , Christa Zoufal , Stefan Woerner

The accumulation of noise in quantum computers is the dominant issue stymieing the push of quantum algorithms beyond their classical counterparts. We do not expect to be able to afford the overhead required for quantum error correction in…

The problem of Phase Estimation (or Amplitude Estimation) admits a quadratic quantum speedup. Wang, Higgott and Brierley [2019, Phys. Rev. Lett. 122 140504] have shown that there is a continuous trade-off between quantum speedup and circuit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-30 Duarte Magano , Miguel Murça

In this paper we introduce a technique and a tool for formal verification of various quantum information processing protocols. The tool uses stabilizer formalism and is capable of representing concurrent quantum protocol, thus is more…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-12-23 Ebrahim Ardeshir-Larijani , Simon J. Gay , Rajagopal Nagarajan

While Quantum phase estimation (QPE) is at the core of many quantum algorithms known to date, its physical implementation (algorithms based on quantum Fourier transform (QFT)) is highly constrained by the requirement of high-precision…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-06-12 Hamed Ahmadi , Chen-Fu Chiang

Estimating a quantum phase is a necessary task in a wide range of fields of quantum science. To accomplish this task, two well-known methods have been developed in distinct contexts, namely, Ramsey interferometry (RI) in atomic and…

Quantum phase estimation (QPE) is the key subroutine of several quantum computing algorithms as well as a central ingredient in quantum computational chemistry and quantum simulation. While QPE strategies have focused on the estimation of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-26 Valentin Gebhart , Augusto Smerzi , Luca Pezzè

The quantum Fourier transform (QFT) is a key primitive for quantum computing that is typically used as a subroutine within a larger computation, for instance for phase estimation. As such, we may have little control over the state that is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-14 Noah Linden , Ronald de Wolf

Quantum phase estimation (QPE) is a key quantum algorithm, which has been widely studied as a method to perform chemistry and solid-state calculations on future fault-tolerant quantum computers. Recently, several authors have proposed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-05 Nick S. Blunt , Laura Caune , Róbert Izsák , Earl T. Campbell , Nicole Holzmann

The quantum algorithm of Quantum Phase Estimation (QPE) was implemented to make the maximum use of GPU emulation with cuQuantum and CUDA Toolkit by NVIDIA. The input and output were handled by HDF5 to make the process as easy as possible.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-24 Takaki Akiba , Youhi Morii

In this paper, we introduce a system called GamePad that can be used to explore the application of machine learning methods to theorem proving in the Coq proof assistant. Interactive theorem provers such as Coq enable users to construct…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-24 Daniel Huang , Prafulla Dhariwal , Dawn Song , Ilya Sutskever

This paper explores the utility of the quantum phase estimation (QPE) in calculating high-energy excited states characterized by promotions of electrons occupying inner energy shells. These states have been intensively studied over the last…

Here we revisit the quantum phase estimation (QPE) algorithm, and devise an iterative method to improve the precision of QPE with propagators over a variety of time spans. For a given propagator and a certain eigenstate as input, QPE with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-09 Junxu Li

Automated theorem proving has long been a key task of artificial intelligence. Proofs form the bedrock of rigorous scientific inquiry. Many tools for both partially and fully automating their derivations have been developed over the last…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-10-15 Brian Groenke

Quantum processes, such as quantum circuits, quantum memories, and quantum channels, are essential ingredients in almost all quantum information processing tasks. However, the characterization of these processes remains a daunting task due…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-16 Ye-Chao Liu , Jiangwei Shang , Xiao-Dong Yu , Xiangdong Zhang

Quantum information and computation provide a fascinating twist on the notion of proofs in computational complexity theory. For instance, one may consider a quantum computational analogue of the complexity class \class{NP}, known as QMA, in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-10-07 Thomas Vidick , John Watrous

Quantum Phase Estimation (QPE) is a cornerstone algorithm in quantum computing, with applications ranging from integer factorization to quantum chemistry simulations. However, the resource demands of standard QPE, which require a large…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-24 Alok Shukla , Prakash Vedula

To employ a quantum device, the performance of the quantum gates in the device needs to be evaluated first. Since the dimensionality of a quantum gate grows exponentially with the number of qubits, evaluating the performance of a quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-14 Maolin Luo , Xiaoqian Zhang , Xiaoqi Zhou

Because of the probabilistic/nondeterministic behavior of quantum programs, it is highly advisable to verify them formally to ensure that they correctly implement their specifications. Formal verification, however, also traditionally…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-09 Liyi Li , Mingwei Zhu , Rance Cleaveland , Alexander Nicolellis , Yi Lee , Le Chang , Xiaodi Wu

Quantum phase estimation (QPE) is a cornerstone algorithm for extracting Hamiltonian eigenvalues, but its standard, eigenstate-centric form relies on carefully prepared coherent inputs that are costly or impractical for many strongly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-10 Stefano Scali , Josh Kirsopp , Antonio Márquez Romero , Michał Krompiec