Related papers: Representation Theory and Topology of Coherent Pho…
Stokes parameters (${\bf S}$) in Poincar\'e sphere are very useful values to describe the polarisation state of photons. However, the fundamental principle of the nature of polarisation is not completely understood, yet, because we have no…
Spin angular momentum of a photon corresponds to a polarisation degree of freedom of lights, and such that various polarisation properties are coming from macroscopic manifestation of quantum-mechanical properties of lights. An orbital…
A ray of photons, emitted from a laser source, is in a coherent state, where macroscopic number of photons are degenerate in the same quantum state. The coherent state has degrees of freedom for spin and orbital angular momentum, which…
We associate intrinsic energy equal to $h\nu/2$ with the spin angular momentum of photon and propose a topological model based on orbifold in space and tifold in time as topological obstructions. The model is substantiated using vector…
The topology of photons in vacuum is interesting because there are no photons with $\boldsymbol{k}=0$, creating a hole in momentum space. We show that while the set of all photons forms a trivial vector bundle $\gamma$ over this momentum…
A classical circularly polarized electromagnetic wave carries angular momentum, and represents the classical limit of a photon, which carries quantized spin. It is shown that a very similar picture of a circularly polarized coherent wave…
Topological insulators are characterized by Dirac cone surface states with electron spins aligned in the surface plane and perpendicular to their momenta. Recent theoretical and experimental work implied that this specific spin texture…
Electromagnetic waves characterized by intensity, phase, and polarization degrees of freedom are widely applied in data storage, encryption, and communications. However, these properties can be substantially affected by phase disorders and…
Photons carry linear momentum, and spin angular momentum when circularly or elliptically polarized. During light-matter interaction, transfer of linear momentum leads to optical forces, while angular momentum transfer induces optical…
We comprehensively review the quantum theory of the polarization properties of light. In classical optics, these traits are characterized by the Stokes parameters, which can be geometrically interpreted using the Poincar\'e sphere.…
Today, it is well known that light possesses a linear momentum which is along the propagation direction. Besides, scientists also discovered that light can possess an angular momentum (AM), a spin angular momentum (SAM) associated with…
The photon spin is an important resource for quantum information processing as is the electron spin in spintronics. However, for subwavelength confined optical excitations, polarization as a global property of a mode cannot be defined.…
It is shown that electrons and photons can be considered as composities of particles representating the fundamental representation of the extended Lorentz group $SU(3)\otimes SU(3)$ in (8+1) dimensional space-time which are held together by…
Topological protection in photonics offers new prospects for guiding and manipulating classical and quantum information. The mechanism of spin-orbit coupling promises the emergence of edge states that are helical; exhibiting unidirectional…
Recently discovered materials called three-dimensional topological insulators constitute examples of symmetry protected topological states in the absence of applied magnetic fields and cryogenic temperatures. A hallmark characteristic of…
Classical structured light with controlled polarization and orbital angular momentum (OAM) of electromagnetic waves has varied applications in optical trapping, bio-sensing, optical communications and quantum simulations. The classical…
We show that when an electron or photon propagates in a cylindrically symmetric waveguide, its spin angular momentum (SAM) and its orbital angular momentum (OAM) interact. Remarkably, we find that the dynamics resulting from this spin-orbit…
The propagation of electrons and photons can respectively have the spin-momentum locking effect which correlates the spin with the linear momentum. For the surface electrons in three-dimensional topological insulators (TIs), their spin is…
The Stokes-parameter operators and the associated Poincare sphere, which describe the quantum-optical polarization properties of light, are defined and their basic properties are reviewed. The general features of the Stokes operators are…
Atom optics demonstrates optical phenomena with coherent matter waves, providing a foundational connection between light and matter. Significant advances in optics have followed the realisation of structured light fields hosting complex…