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This paper reviews the state-of-the-art in deepfake generation and detection, focusing on modern deep learning technologies and tools based on the latest scientific advancements. The rise of deepfakes, leveraging techniques like Variational…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Arash Dehghani , Hossein Saberi

Deep generative models have recently achieved impressive results for many real-world applications, successfully generating high-resolution and diverse samples from complex datasets. Due to this improvement, fake digital contents have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-05 Ricard Durall , Margret Keuper , Franz-Josef Pfreundt , Janis Keuper

Deepfakes powered by advanced machine learning models present a significant and evolving threat to identity verification and the authenticity of digital media. Although numerous detectors have been developed to address this problem, their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Viacheslav Pirogov , Maksim Artemev

High quality fake videos and audios generated by AI-algorithms (the deep fakes) have started to challenge the status of videos and audios as definitive evidence of events. In this paper, we highlight a few of these challenges and discuss…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-23 Siwei Lyu

Deep learning constitutes a pivotal component within the realm of machine learning, offering remarkable capabilities in tasks ranging from image recognition to natural language processing. However, this very strength also renders deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Saminder Dhesi , Laura Fontes , Pedro Machado , Isibor Kennedy Ihianle , Farhad Fassihi Tash , David Ada Adama

The rise of deepfake technology brings forth new questions about the authenticity of various forms of media found online today. Videos and images generated by artificial intelligence (AI) have become increasingly more difficult to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Benjamin Carter , Nathan Dilla , Micheal Callahan , Atuhaire Ambala

The recent wave of AI research has enabled a new brand of synthetic media, called deepfakes. Deepfakes have impressive photorealism, which has generated exciting new use cases but also raised serious threats to our increasingly digital…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Nikolaos Giatsoglou , Symeon Papadopoulos , Ioannis Kompatsiaris

With the rapid progress of recent years, techniques that generate and manipulate multimedia content can now guarantee a very advanced level of realism. The boundary between real and synthetic media has become very thin. On the one hand,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-19 Luisa Verdoliva

Deep learning has enabled realistic face manipulation (i.e., deepfake), which poses significant concerns over the integrity of the media in circulation. Most existing deep learning techniques for deepfake detection can achieve promising…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-26 Bosheng Yan , Chang-Tsun Li , Xuequan Lu

Deepfake is content or material that is synthetically generated or manipulated using artificial intelligence (AI) methods, to be passed off as real and can include audio, video, image, and text synthesis. This survey has been conducted with…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Zahra Khanjani , Gabrielle Watson , Vandana P. Janeja

Recent advancements in AI, especially deep learning, have contributed to a significant increase in the creation of new realistic-looking synthetic media (video, image, and audio) and manipulation of existing media, which has led to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Enes Altuncu , Virginia N. L. Franqueira , Shujun Li

Image manipulation is rapidly evolving, allowing the creation of credible content that can be used to bend reality. Although the results of deepfake detectors are promising, deepfakes can be made even more complicated to detect through…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Davide Alessandro Coccomini , Roberto Caldelli , Fabrizio Falchi , Claudio Gennaro , Giuseppe Amato

The availability of software which can produce convincing yet synthetic media poses both threats and benefits to tertiary education globally. While other forms of synthetic media exist, this study focuses on deepfakes, which are advanced…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Jasper Roe , Mike Perkins

Deepfakes, created using advanced AI techniques such as Variational Autoencoder and Generative Adversarial Networks, have evolved from research and entertainment applications into tools for malicious activities, posing significant threats…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Yamini Sri Krubha , Aryana Hou , Braden Vester , Web Walker , Xin Wang , Li Lin , Shu Hu

Facially manipulated images and videos or DeepFakes can be used maliciously to fuel misinformation or defame individuals. Therefore, detecting DeepFakes is crucial to increase the credibility of social media platforms and other media…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-20 Paarth Neekhara , Brian Dolhansky , Joanna Bitton , Cristian Canton Ferrer

The rise of deepfake images, especially of well-known personalities, poses a serious threat to the dissemination of authentic information. To tackle this, we present a thorough investigation into how deepfakes are produced and how they can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Haixu Song , Shiyu Huang , Yinpeng Dong , Wei-Wei Tu

Deepfake technology, derived from deep learning, seamlessly inserts individuals into digital media, irrespective of their actual participation. Its foundation lies in machine learning and Artificial Intelligence (AI). Initially, deepfakes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Gazi Hasin Ishrak , Zalish Mahmud , MD. Zami Al Zunaed Farabe , Tahera Khanom Tinni , Tanzim Reza , Mohammad Zavid Parvez

The free access to large-scale public databases, together with the fast progress of deep learning techniques, in particular Generative Adversarial Networks, have led to the generation of very realistic fake content with its corresponding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-22 Ruben Tolosana , Ruben Vera-Rodriguez , Julian Fierrez , Aythami Morales , Javier Ortega-Garcia

The growing threat posed by deepfake videos, capable of manipulating realities and disseminating misinformation, drives the urgent need for effective detection methods. This work investigates and compares different approaches for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Matheus Martins Batista

Multimodal generative models are rapidly evolving, leading to a surge in the generation of realistic video and audio that offers exciting possibilities but also serious risks. Deepfake videos, which can convincingly impersonate individuals,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Hannah Lee , Changyeon Lee , Kevin Farhat , Lin Qiu , Steve Geluso , Aerin Kim , Oren Etzioni