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The design and optimization of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) are key challenges for future wireless communication systems. RISs are devices that can manipulate electromagnetic (EM) waves in a programmable way, thus enhancing…

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) are passive or semi-passive heterogeneous metasurfaces and consist of many tunable elements. RIS is gaining momentum as a promising new technology to enable transforming the propagation environment…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-06 Pooja Nuti , Elyes Balti , Brian L. Evans

In this letter, we investigate joint application of reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) and vertical beamforming in cognitive radio networks (CRN). After properly modeling the network, an optimization problem is formed to jointly…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-03-17 S. Fatemeh Zamanian , S. Mohammad Razavizadeh , Qingqing Wu

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) have emerged as a transformative technology capable of reshaping wireless environments through dynamic manipulation of electromagnetic waves. While extensive research has explored their theoretical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Ziyu Chen , Yitong Shen , Jingzhe Zhang , Yao Zheng , Yili Ren , Xuyu Wang , Shiwen Mao , Hanqing Guo

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has been regarded as a revolutionary and promising technology owing to its powerful feature of adaptively shaping wireless propagation environment. However, as a frequency-selective device, the RIS…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-29 Sifan Liu , Pengfei Ni , Rang Liu , Yang Liu , Ming Li , Qian Liu

The reconfigurable intelligent surface is an emerging technology for wireless communications. We model it as an inhomogeneous boundary of surface impedance, and consider various optimization problems that offer different tradeoffs in terms…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-09-27 M. W. Shabir , M. Di Renzo , A. Zappone , M. Debbah

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) are expected to play an important role in future wireless communication systems. These surfaces typically rely on their reflection beamforming codebooks to reflect and focus the signal on the target…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-10-06 Yu Zhang , Ahmed Alkhateeb

The concept of fluid reconfigurable intelligent surface (FRIS) upgrades the conventional reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) paradigm by empowering its reflecting elements with positioning reconfigurability. This letter aims to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Xusheng Zhu , Kai-Kit Wong , Boyi Tang , Wen Chen , Chan-Byoung Chae

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) constitute a promising technology that could fulfill the extreme performance and capacity needs of the upcoming 6G wireless networks, by offering software-defined control over wireless propagation…

Integrating reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) in emerging communication systems is a fast-growing research field that has recently earned much attention. While implementing RISs near the base station (BS), i.e., BS-side RIS, or…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-29 Mahmoud Raeisi , Aymen Khaleel , Mehmet Cagri Ilter , Majid Gerami , Ertugrul Basar

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) are planar structures connected to electronic circuitry, which can be employed to steer the electromagnetic signals in a controlled manner. Through this, the signal quality and the effective data…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Long Kong , Steven Kisseleff , Symeon Chatzinotas , Björn Ottersten , Melike Erol-Kantarci

Reconfigurable intelligent surface~(RIS) has drawn a great attention worldwide as it can create favorable propagation conditions by controlling the phase shifts of the reflected signals at the surface to enhance the communication quality.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-01-24 Hongliang Zhang , Boya Di , Lingyang Song , Zhu Han

Sensing-assisted communication schemes have recently garnered significant research attention. In this work, we design a dual-function reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), integrating both active and passive elements, referred to as the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-14 Cheng Luo , Luping Xiang , Jie Hu , Kun Yang

A reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) consists of a large number of low-cost elements that can control the propagation environment seen from a transmitter by intelligently applying phase shifts to impinging signals before reflection.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-14 Parisa Ramezani , Maksym A. Girnyk , Emil Björnson

Recent research has focused on reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted cell-free systems with the goal of enhancing coverage and lowering the cost of cell-free networks. However, current research makes the assumption that the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-29 Songjie Yang , Chenfei Xie , Mingwei Wang , Zhongpei Zhang

With the development of the next generation of mobile networks, new research challenges have emerged, and new technologies have been proposed to face them. On the one hand, the reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) technology is being…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-05-26 Romain Fara , Philippe Ratajczak , Dinh-Thuy Phan Huy , Abdelwaheb Ourir , Marco Di Renzo , Julien De Rosny

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have emerged as a cost- and energy-efficient technology that can customize and program the physical propagation environment by reflecting radio waves in preferred directions. However, the purely…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-21 Nhan Thanh Nguyen , Jiguang He , Van-Dinh Nguyen , Henk Wymeersch , Derrick Wing Kwan Ng , Robert Schober , Symeon Chatzinotas , Markku Juntti

Fluid reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (FRIS) extend conventional reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) by adding spatial reconfigurability through switchable apertures, pattern-reconfigurable units, fluidic conductive materials, or…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Xusheng Zhu , Kai-Kit Wong , Sai Xu , Hao Xu , Wen Chen , Hyundong Shin

Optimization of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) via a previously introduced method is effective, but time-consuming, because multiport impedance or scatter matrices are required for each transmitter and receiver position, which…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-01-31 Hans-Dieter Lang , Michel A. Nyffenegger , Heinz Mathis , Xingqi Zhang

Although reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have demonstrated the potential to boost network capacity and expand coverage by adjusting their electromagnetic properties, existing RIS architectures have certain limitations, such as…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-28 Wanli Ni , Ailing Zheng , Wen Wang , Dusit Niyato , Naofal Al-Dhahir , Merouane Debbah