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Parametric down-conversion (PDC) offers the possibility to control the fabrication of non-Gaussian states such as Fock states. However, in conventional PDC sources energy and momentum conservation introduce strict frequency and photon…
Optical focusing through/inside scattering media, like multimode fiber and biological tissues, has significant impact in biomedicine yet considered challenging due to strong scattering nature of light. Previously, promising progress has…
Determining the number of fluorescent entities that are coupled to a given molecule (DNA, protein, etc.) is a key point of numerous biological studies, especially those based on a single molecule approach. Reliable methods are important, in…
In the scanning transmission electron microscope, both phase imaging of beam-sensitive materials and characterisation of a material's functional properties using in-situ experiments are becoming more widely available. As the practicable…
Light scattering by tissue severely limits how deep beneath the surface one can image, and the spatial resolution one can obtain from these images. Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) is one of the most powerful techniques for imaging deep…
Confocal microscopy is the cornerstone of cellular biology and biomedical research due to its non-destructive imaging, compatibility with live cells, sensitivity, optical sectioning, and subcellular resolution. To meet the demand for rapid…
Conventional spectrometer and polarimeter systems rely on bulky optics, fundamentally limiting compact integration and hindering multi-dimensional optical sensing capabilities. Here, we propose a spectropolarimeter enabled by…
Fluorescence lifetime experiments are a standard approach for measuring excited state dynamics and local environment effects. Here, we show that entangled photon pairs produced from a continuous-wave (CW) laser diode can replicate pulsed…
Phase is a fundamental resource for optical imaging but cannot be directly observed with intensity measurements. The existing methods to quantify a phase distribution rely on complex devices and structures. Here we experimentally…
All optical systems, which involve the collimation of a reflected, transmitted or scattered wave subsequent to tight focusing, are subject to two kinds of deviations. One is the wavefront curvature due to inaccurate focal placement of the…
The use of differential phase contrast (DPC) in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) has shown much promise for directly investigating the functional properties of a material system, leveraging the natural coupling between the…
Photon modes have an important role in characterizing the quantum sources of light. Proper coupling of various photon modes obtained in spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC) process in optical fibers is essential to generate an…
Optical Character Recognition (OCR) is a fundamental task for digitizing information, serving as a critical bridge between visual data and textual understanding. While modern Vision-Language Models (VLM) have achieved high accuracy in this…
Acquiring high-contrast optical images deep inside biological tissues is still a challenging problem. Confocal microscopy is an important tool for biomedical imaging since it improves image quality by rejecting background signals. However,…
Phase retrieval in optical imaging refers to the recovery of a complex signal from phaseless data acquired in the form of its diffraction patterns. These patterns are acquired through a system with a coherent light source that employs a…
Polarization-based vision has gained increasing attention for providing richer physical cues beyond RGB images. While achieving single-shot capture is highly desirable for practical applications, existing Division-of-Focal-Plane (DoFP)…
In both light optics and electron optics, the amplitude of a wave scattered by an object is an observable that is usually recorded in the form of an intensity distribution in a real space image or a diffraction image. In contrast, retrieval…
Two-photon excitation spectroscopy with broad spectral span is demonstrated at Doppler-limited resolution. We describe first Fourier transform two-photon spectroscopy of an atomic sample with two mode-locked laser oscillators in a dual-comb…
We investigate cooperative fluorescence in a dilute cloud of strongly driven two-level emitters. Starting from the Heisenberg equations of motion, we compute the first-order scattering corrections to the saturation of the excited-state…
When subjected to monochromatic incident light a nanoparticle will emit light which then interferes with the incident beam. With sufficient contrast and sufficiently close to the particle this interference pattern may be recorded with a…