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Document layout analysis is essential for downstream tasks such as information retrieval, extraction, OCR, and digitization. However, existing large-scale datasets like PubLayNet and DocBank lack fine-grained region labels and multilingual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Oikantik Nath , Sahithi Kukkala , Mitesh Khapra , Ravi Kiran Sarvadevabhatla

Retrieving accurate details from documents is a crucial task, especially when handling a combination of scanned images and native digital formats. This document presents a combined framework for text extraction that merges Optical Character…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Rasha Sinha , Rekha B S

Graphic layout generation, a growing research field, plays a significant role in user engagement and information perception. Existing methods primarily treat layout generation as a numerical optimization task, focusing on quantitative…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Zecheng Tang , Chenfei Wu , Juntao Li , Nan Duan

Designing natural language interfaces has historically required collecting supervised data to translate user requests into carefully designed intent representations. This requires enumerating and labeling a long tail of user requests, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Harsh Jhamtani , Hao Fang , Patrick Xia , Eran Levy , Jacob Andreas , Ben Van Durme

Visually-situated languages such as charts and plots are omnipresent in real-world documents. These graphical depictions are human-readable and are often analyzed in visually-rich documents to address a variety of questions that necessitate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Anran Wu , Luwei Xiao , Xingjiao Wu , Shuwen Yang , Junjie Xu , Zisong Zhuang , Nian Xie , Cheng Jin , Liang He

Molecular function is largely determined by structure. Accurately aligning molecular structure with natural language is therefore essential for enabling large language models (LLMs) to reason about downstream chemical tasks. However, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Feiyang Cai , Guijuan He , Yi Hu , Jingjing Wang , Joshua Luo , Tianyu Zhu , Srikanth Pilla , Gang Li , Ling Liu , Feng Luo

Document understanding aims to perform question answering and information extraction over document images, where the visual content is highly information-dense and most queries rely on only a few relevant layout regions. However, existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Ye Mo , Kai Ye , Xianwei Mao , Zirui Shao , Gang Huang , Bo Zhang , Hangdi Xing , Kehan Chen , Huan Zhou , Zixu Yan , Jiajun Bu , Sheng Zhou

Text-rich document understanding (TDU) requires comprehensive analysis of documents containing substantial textual content and complex layouts. While Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved fast progress in this domain,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Wenhui Liao , Jiapeng Wang , Hongliang Li , Chengyu Wang , Jun Huang , Lianwen Jin

We present ForMaT (Format-Preserving Multilingual Translation), a parallel corpus of 3,956 PDFs across 15 language pairs that preserves original layout metadata proposed for multimodal machine translation. To ensure structural diversity in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Michał Ciesiółka , Dawid Wiśniewski , Adrian Charkiewicz , Kamil Guttmann

Recent studies on machine reading comprehension have focused on text-level understanding but have not yet reached the level of human understanding of the visual layout and content of real-world documents. In this study, we introduce a new…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Ryota Tanaka , Kyosuke Nishida , Sen Yoshida

Structure extraction from document images has been a long-standing research topic due to its high impact on a wide range of practical applications. In this paper, we share our findings on employing a hierarchical semantic segmentation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-18 Mausoom Sarkar , Milan Aggarwal , Arneh Jain , Hiresh Gupta , Balaji Krishnamurthy

Hidden LLM prompts have appeared in online documents with increasing frequency. Their goal is to trigger indirect prompt injection attacks while remaining undetected from human oversight, to manipulate LLM-powered automated document…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Toby Murray

Legal documents have complex document layouts involving multiple nested sections, lengthy footnotes and further use specialized linguistic devices like intricate syntax and domain-specific vocabulary to ensure precision and authority. These…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Anagha Kulkarni , Parin Rajesh Jhaveri , Prasha Shrestha , Yu Tong Han , Reza Amini , Behrouz Madahian

Information extraction from handwritten documents involves traditionally three distinct steps: Document Layout Analysis, Handwritten Text Recognition, and Named Entity Recognition. Recent approaches have attempted to integrate these steps…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Thomas Constum , Pierrick Tranouez , Thierry Paquet

The availability of metadata for scientific documents is pivotal in propelling scientific knowledge forward and for adhering to the FAIR principles (i.e. Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, and Reusability) of research findings.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Zeyd Boukhers , Cong Yang

The automation of document processing is gaining recent attention due to the great potential to reduce manual work through improved methods and hardware. Neural networks have been successfully applied before - even though they have been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Martin Holeček

Recognizing entities in texts is a central need in many information-seeking scenarios, and indeed, Named Entity Recognition (NER) is arguably one of the most successful examples of a widely adopted NLP task and corresponding NLP technology.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Uri Katz , Matan Vetzler , Amir DN Cohen , Yoav Goldberg

In order for language models to aid physics research, they must first encode representations of mathematical and natural language discourse which lead to coherent explanations, with correct ordering and relevance of statements. We present a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Jordan Meadows , Zili Zhou , Andre Freitas

Document AI aims to automatically analyze documents by leveraging natural language processing and computer vision techniques. One of the major tasks of Document AI is document layout analysis, which structures document pages by interpreting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Sotirios Kastanas , Shaomu Tan , Yi He

Visually Rich Document Understanding (VRDU) has become a pivotal area of research, driven by the need to automatically interpret documents that contain intricate visual, textual, and structural elements. Recently, Multimodal Large Language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Yihao Ding , Siwen Luo , Yue Dai , Yanbei Jiang , Zechuan Li , Qiang Sun , Geoffrey Martin , Wei Liu , Yifan Peng