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Magic is a non-classical resource whose efficient manipulation is fundamental to advancing efficient and scalable fault-tolerant quantum computing. Quantum advantage is possible only if both magic and entanglement are present. Of particular…

Entanglement and magic are among the most fundamental properties unique to quantum systems. Each quantity captures a different aspect of non-classical behavior, and each can be regarded as a resource within its own operational setting.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-19 Mao Kaneyasu , Yoshihiko Hasegawa

The execution cost of quantum algorithms is typically quantified through asymptotic gate counts and qubit register sizes, yet these metrics do not directly capture which genuinely quantum resources, and in what amount, must be created and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-08 Alessio Paviglianiti , Matteo Seclì , Emanuele Tirrito , Vincenzo Savona

Entanglement and magic are fundamental resources that capture the complexity of quantum many-body systems. Non-local magic isolates the irreducible nonstabilizerness intrinsically tied to entanglement. However, evaluating this quantity…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-01 Daniele Iannotti , Beatrice Magni , Riccardo Cioli , Alioscia Hamma , Xhek Turkeshi

Nonstabilizerness, or quantum magic, presents a valuable resource in quantum error correction and computation. We study the dynamics of locally injected magic in unitary Clifford circuits, where the total magic is conserved. However, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-27 Mircea Bejan , Pieter W. Claeys , Jiangtian Yao

Non-stabilizer states are a fundamental resource for universal quantum computation. However,despite broad significance in quantum computing, the emergence of "many-body" non-stabilizerness in interacting quantum systems remains poorly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-29 Ryan Smith , Zlatko Papić , Andrew Hallam

Toward an improved understanding of the role of quantum information in nuclei and exotic matter, we examine the quantum magic (non-stabilizerness) in low-energy strong interaction processes. As stabilizer states can be prepared efficiently…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-10-27 Caroline E. P. Robin , Martin J. Savage

Magic (non-stabilizerness) is a necessary but "expensive" kind of "fuel" to drive universal fault-tolerant quantum computation. To properly study and characterize the origin of quantum "complexity" in computation as well as physics, it is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-16 Zi-Wen Liu , Andreas Winter

Entanglement is the key resource for quantum technologies and is at the root of exciting many-body phenomena. However, quantifying the entanglement between two parts of a real-world quantum system is challenging when it interacts with its…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-22 Christian Carisch , Oded Zilberberg

Measurements with randomly chosen settings determine many important properties of quantum states without the need for a shared reference frame or calibration. They naturally emerge in the context of quantum communication and quantum…

Quantum computers promise dramatic advantages over their classical counterparts, but the answer to the most basic question "What is the source of the power in quantum computing?" has remained elusive. Here we prove a remarkable equivalence…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-10-16 Mark Howard , Joel J. Wallman , Victor Veitch , Joseph Emerson

In most stabilizer-based quantum computing schemes, so-called magic states are a necessary resource for implementing non-transversal quantum gates. With the resource theory of magic, it is possible to analyze and quantify the generation of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-22 Carolin Deckers , Justus Neumann , Hermann Kampermann , Dagmar Bruß

We study quantitatively the interplay between entanglement and non-stabilizer resources in violating the CHSH inequalities. We show that, while non-stabilizer resources are necessary, they must have a specific structure, namely they need to…

Magic is a property of quantum states that enables universal fault-tolerant quantum computing using simple sets of gate operations. Understanding the mechanisms by which magic is created or destroyed is, therefore, a crucial step towards…

Quantum entanglement plays an important role in quantum computation and communication. It is necessary for many protocols and computations, but causes unexpected disturbance of computational states. Hence, static analysis of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-11-06 Kentaro Honda

The dependence of quantum algorithms on state fidelity is difficult to characterize analytically and is best explored experimentally as hardware scales and noisy simulations become intractable. While low fidelity states are often…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-09 Erika Lloyd , Alexandre Fleury , Marc P. Coons , James Brown , Maritza Hernandez

Nonstabilizerness, or magic, is a necessary resource for quantum advantage beyond the classically simulatable Clifford framework. Recent works have begun to chart the structure of magic in many-body states, introducing the concepts of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-01 Zhi Li

In many architectures for fault tolerant quantum computing universality is achieved by a combination of Clifford group unitary operators and preparation of suitable nonstabilizer states, the so-called magic states. Universality is possible…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-06-28 Earl T. Campbell

We study the non-stabilizer resources required to achieve informational completeness in single-setting quantum state estimation scenarios. We consider fixed-basis projective measurements preceded by quantum circuits acting on $n$-qubit…

The nonclassicality of single-mode quantum states is studied in relation to the entanglement created by a beam splitter. It is shown that properly defined quantifications -- based on the quantum superposition principle -- of the amounts of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-18 W. Vogel , J. Sperling