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Experiments at the interface of quantum field theory and general relativity would greatly benefit theoretical research towards their unification. The gravitational aspects of quantum experiments performed so far can be explained either…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-09-25 Thomas B. Mieling , Christopher Hilweg , Philip Walther

Witnessing quantum effects in the gravitational field is found to be exceptionally difficult in practice due to lack of empirical evidence. Hence, a debate is going on among physicists whether gravity has a quantum domain or not. There had…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-24 Manabputra , Bikash K. Behera , Prasanta K. Panigrahi

Combining gravity with quantum mechanics remains one of the biggest challenges of physics. In the past years, experiments with opto-mechanical systems have been proposed that may give indirect clues about the quantum nature of gravity. In a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-12 Yue Ma , Thomas Guff , Gavin Morley , Igor Pikovski , M. S. Kim

The gravity-mediated entanglement experiments employ concepts from quantum information to argue that if entanglement due to gravitational interaction is observed, then gravity cannot be described by a classical system. However, the proposed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-08 Martin Plávala

We propose a Bell test experiment using momentum-entangled atom pairs of different masses, specifically metastable helium isotopes 3He* and 4He*, though the method extends to other atom species. Entanglement is generated via collisions,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-23 X. T. Yan , S. Kannan , Y. S. Athreya , A. G. Truscott , S. S. Hodgman

Due to the weakness of gravitational coupling, all quantum experiments up to date in which gravity plays a role utilized the field of the Earth. Since this field undergoes practically undetectable back-action from quantum particles, it…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-16 Ankit Kumar

We study the impact of thermal effects on gravity-induced entanglement (GIE) in a system of quantum harmonic oscillators interacting with classical linearly polarized gravitational waves (GWs). Specifically, we model the endpoints of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-07-21 Mainak Dutta , Partha Nandi , Bibhas Ranjan Majhi

Evidencing the quantum nature of gravity through the entanglement of two masses has recently been proposed. Proposals using qubits to witness this entanglement can afford to bring two masses close enough so that the complete 1/r interaction…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-27 Bin Yi , Urbasi Sinha , Dipankar Home , Anupam Mazumdar , Sougato Bose

Table-top tests of quantum gravity (QG) have long been thought to be practically impossible. However, remarkably, due to rapid progress in quantum information science (QIS), such tests may soon be achievable. Here, we uncover an exciting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-21 Richard Howl , Vlatko Vedral , Devang Naik , Marios Christodoulou , Carlo Rovelli , Aditya Iyer

We propose a new scheme for an improved determination of the Newtonian gravitational constant G and evaluate it by numerical simulations. Cold atoms in free fall are probed by atom interferometry measurements to characterize the…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2021-07-12 M. Jain , G. M. Tino , L. Cacciapuoti , G. Rosi

We investigate the possibility to generate quantum-correlated quasi-particles utilizing analogue gravity systems. The quantumness of these correlations is a key aspect of analogue gravity effects and their presence allows for a clear…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-11-08 David Edward Bruschi , Nicolai Friis , Ivette Fuentes , Silke Weinfurtner

We introduce a cryptographically motivated quantifier of entanglement in bipartite Gaussian systems called Gaussian intrinsic entanglement (GIE). The GIE is defined as the optimized mutual information of a Gaussian distribution of outcomes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-01-11 Ladislav Mišta , Richard Tatham

The sign structure of quantum states is closely connected to quantum phases of matter, yet detecting such fine-grained properties of amplitudes is subtle. Here we employ as a diagnostic measurement-induced entanglement (MIE): the average…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-08 Cheng-Ju Lin , Weicheng Ye , Yijian Zou , Shengqi Sang , Timothy H. Hsieh

The unification of quantum theory and the general theory of relativity - describing gravity, is one of the most important challenges in science. Einstein's general theory of relativity is based on the principle of equivalence, and has been…

Over the past century, a large community within theoretical physics has been seeking a unified framework for quantum gravity. Yet, to date, there is still no experimental evidence of any non-classical features of gravity. While traditional…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-22 Stefan Aimet , Hadrien Chevalier , M. S. Kim

The quantum gravity-induced entanglement of masses (QGEM) protocol for testing quantum gravity using entanglement witnessing utilizes the creation of spatial quantum superpositions of two neutral, massive matter-wave interferometers kept…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-26 Martine Schut , Andrew Geraci , Sougato Bose , Anupam Mazumdar

We investigate the advantage of using squeezed input light for generating gravity-induced entanglement (GIE) through Fourier-domain analysis. Based on the findings of Ref.~\cite{Miki2024}, which demonstrated the feasibility of detecting GIE…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-09 Kosei Hatakeyama , Daisuke Miki , Kazuhiro Yamamoto

Recently, there has been a proposal to test the quantum nature of gravity in the laboratory by witnessing the growth of entanglement between two masses in spatial quantum superpositions. The required superpositions can be created via…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-11 Lorenzo Braccini , Martine Schut , Alessio Serafini , Anupam Mazumdar , Sougato Bose

Interfacing quantum mechanics and gravity is one of the great open questions in natural science. Micromechanical oscillators have been suggested as a plausible platform to carry out these experiments. We present an experimental design…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-03-10 Yulong Liu , Jay Mummery , Mika A. Sillanpää