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Deep equilibrium models (DEQs) achieve infinitely deep network representations without stacking layers by exploring fixed points of layer transformations in neural networks. Such models constitute an innovative approach that achieves…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Naoki Sato , Hideaki Iiduka

Deep Equilibrium Models (DEQs) are an interesting class of implicit model where the model output is implicitly defined as the fixed point of a learned function. These models have been shown to outperform explicit (fixed-depth) models in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Sam McCallum , Kamran Arora , James Foster

Deep Equilibrium Models (DEQs) are an established framework for image restoration that learn a problem-adapted regularization by solving a fixed-point (i.e. equilibrium) problem. While flexible and expressive, DEQs are often hindered by…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-20 Antonin Clerc , Marien Renaud , Baudouin Denis De Seneville , Nicolas Papadakis

Deep Equilibrium Models (DEQs) have emerged as a powerful paradigm in deep learning, offering the ability to model infinite-depth networks with constant memory usage. However, DEQs incur significant inference latency due to the iterative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Junchao Lin , Zenan Ling , Jingwen Xu , Robert C. Qiu

We present a new approach to modeling sequential data: the deep equilibrium model (DEQ). Motivated by an observation that the hidden layers of many existing deep sequence models converge towards some fixed point, we propose the DEQ approach…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-30 Shaojie Bai , J. Zico Kolter , Vladlen Koltun

Query-based object detectors directly decode image features into object instances with a set of learnable queries. These query vectors are progressively refined to stable meaningful representations through a sequence of decoder layers, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Shuai Wang , Yao Teng , Limin Wang

In recent years, significant progress has been made in the research of facial landmark detection. However, few prior works have thoroughly discussed about models for practical applications. Instead, they often focus on improving a couple of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-03 Haibo Jin , Jinpeng Li , Shengcai Liao , Ling Shao

The ability of snapshot compressive imaging (SCI) systems to efficiently capture high-dimensional (HD) data has led to an inverse problem, which consists of recovering the HD signal from the compressed and noisy measurement. While…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-01 Yaping Zhao , Siming Zheng , Xin Yuan

Landmark localization in images and videos is a classic problem solved in various ways. Nowadays, with deep networks prevailing throughout machine learning, there are revamped interests in pushing facial landmark detection technologies to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-16 Joseph P Robinson , Yuncheng Li , Ning Zhang , Yun Fu , and Sergey Tulyakov

Recently, facial landmark detection algorithms have achieved remarkable performance on static images. However, these algorithms are neither accurate nor stable in motion-blurred videos. The missing of structure information makes it…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-10-29 Keqiang Sun , Wayne Wu , Tinghao Liu , Shuo Yang , Quan Wang , Qiang Zhou , Zuochang Ye , Chen Qian

Dense facial landmark detection is one of the key elements of face processing pipeline. It is used in virtual face reenactment, emotion recognition, driver status tracking, etc. Early approaches were suitable for facial landmark detection…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Kostiantyn Khabarlak , Larysa Koriashkina

Deformable medical image registration is traditionally formulated as an optimization problem. While classical methods solve this problem iteratively, recent learning-based approaches use recurrent neural networks (RNNs) to mimic this…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-09 Yi Zhang , Yidong Zhao , Qian Tao

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) increasingly rely on retrieval to answer knowledge-intensive multimodal questions. Existing benchmarks overlook conflicts between visual and textual evidence and the importance of generating deflections…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Nicholas Moratelli , Christopher Davis , Leonardo F. R. Ribeiro , Bill Byrne , Gonzalo Iglesias

Deep equilibrium models (DEQ) have emerged as a powerful alternative to deep unfolding (DU) for image reconstruction. DEQ models-implicit neural networks with effectively infinite number of layers-were shown to achieve state-of-the-art…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-11 Weijie Gan , Chunwei Ying , Parna Eshraghi , Tongyao Wang , Cihat Eldeniz , Yuyang Hu , Jiaming Liu , Yasheng Chen , Hongyu An , Ulugbek S. Kamilov

Deep equilibrium (DEQ) models are widely recognized as a memory efficient alternative to standard neural networks, achieving state-of-the-art performance in language modeling and computer vision tasks. These models solve a fixed point…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Mateusz Gabor , Tomasz Piotrowski , Renato L. G. Cavalcante

Many tasks in deep learning involve optimizing over the \emph{inputs} to a network to minimize or maximize some objective; examples include optimization over latent spaces in a generative model to match a target image, or adversarially…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-29 Swaminathan Gurumurthy , Shaojie Bai , Zachary Manchester , J. Zico Kolter

Deep Equilibrium Models (DEQs) are implicit neural networks with fixed points, which have recently gained attention for learning image regularization functionals, particularly in settings involving Gaussian fidelities, where assumptions on…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-19 Christian Daniele , Silvia Villa , Samuel Vaiter , Luca Calatroni

We propose a novel method for real-time face alignment in videos based on a recurrent encoder-decoder network model. Our proposed model predicts 2D facial point heat maps regularized by both detection and regression loss, while uniquely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-01-19 Xi Peng , Rogerio S. Feris , Xiaoyu Wang , Dimitris N. Metaxas

We present StreamDEQ, a method that aims to infer frame-wise representations on videos with minimal per-frame computation. Conventional deep networks do feature extraction from scratch at each frame in the absence of ad-hoc solutions. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Can Ufuk Ertenli , Ramazan Gokberk Cinbis , Emre Akbas

We propose a novel end-to-end deep architecture for face landmark detection, based on a deep convolutional and deconvolutional network followed by carefully designed recurrent network structures. The pipeline of this architecture consists…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-11-01 Hanjiang Lai , Shengtao Xiao , Yan Pan , Zhen Cui , Jiashi Feng , Chunyan Xu , Jian Yin , Shuicheng Yan
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