Related papers: Universal properties of truth
A central problem in proof-theory is that of finding criteria for identity of proofs, that is, for when two distinct formal derivations can be taken as denoting the same logical argument. In the literature one finds criteria which are…
Counterfactual explanations are gaining prominence within technical, legal, and business circles as a way to explain the decisions of a machine learning model. These explanations share a trait with the long-established "principal reason"…
We investigate properties of ABA+, a formalism that extends the well studied structured argumentation formalism Assumption-Based Argumentation (ABA) with a preference handling mechanism. In particular, we establish desirable properties that…
Artificial Intelligence models are becoming increasingly more powerful and accurate, supporting or even replacing humans' decision making. But with increased power and accuracy also comes higher complexity, making it hard for users to…
In this paper, we discuss necessary and sufficient explanations for formal argumentation - the question whether and why a certain argument can be accepted (or not) under various extension-based semantics. Given a framework with which…
Assuming the K\"unneth type standard conjecture, we propose a way to describe objects of mixed motives explicitly. We study their formal properties, and we associate mixed motives to schemes smooth and separated over a field. This serves as…
Choice functions constitute a simple, direct and very general mathematical framework for modelling choice under uncertainty. In particular, they are able to represent the set-valued choices that typically arise from applying decision rules…
Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to encode truth of statements in their activation space along a linear truth direction. Previous studies have argued that these directions are universal in certain aspects, while more recent work…
It is well known that in quantum mechanics we cannot always define consistently properties that are context independent. Many approaches exist to describe contextual properties, such as Contextuality by Default (CbD), sheaf theory, topos…
As in statistical physics, the concept of universality plays an important, albeit qualitative, role in the field of comparative mythology. Here we apply statistical mechanical tools to analyse the networks underlying three iconic…
Inspired by the theory of desirable gambles that is used to model uncertainty in the field of imprecise probabilities, I present a theory of desirable things. Its aim is to model a subject's beliefs about which things are desirable. What…
A description is an entity that can be interpreted as true or false of an object, and using feature structures as descriptions accrues several computational benefits. In this paper, I create an explicit interpretation of a typed feature…
It is unclear whether, how and where large pre-trained language models capture subtle linguistic traits like ambiguity, grammaticality and sentence complexity. We present results of automatic classification of these traits and compare their…
Unifying theories distil common features of programming languages and design methods by means of algebraic operators and their laws. Several practical concerns --- e.g., improvement of a program, conformance of code with design, correctness…
Character language models have access to surface morphological patterns, but it is not clear whether or how they learn abstract morphological regularities. We instrument a character language model with several probes, finding that it can…
We extend the notion of Heyting algebra to a notion of truth values algebra and prove that a theory is consistent if and only if it has a B-valued model for some non trivial truth values algebra B. A theory that has a B-valued model for all…
Motivated by considerations in the foundations of quantum mechanics and inspired by the literature on vague predicates, we introduce the concept of an opaque predicate. While in the case of vague predicates there is a kind of indeterminacy…
In this paper we split every basic propositional connective into two versions, one is called extensional and the other one intensional. The extensional connectives are semantically characterized by standard truth conditions that are…
There are several different common definitions of a property in topological dynamics called "topological transitivity," and it is part of the folklore of dynamical systems that under reasonable hypotheses, they are equivalent. Various…
Transparency, user trust, and human comprehension are popular ethical motivations for interpretable machine learning. In support of these goals, researchers evaluate model explanation performance using humans and real world applications.…