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Bug bounty programs, where external agents are invited to search and report vulnerabilities (bugs) in exchange for rewards (bounty), have become a major tool for companies to improve their systems. We suggest augmenting such programs by…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2024-03-15 Hans Gersbach , Fikri Pitsuwan , Pio Blieske

Despite significant popularity, the bug bounty process has remained broadly unchanged since its inception, with limited implementation of gamification aspects. Existing literature recognises that current methods generate intensive resource…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-09-23 Jamie O'Hare , Lynsay A. Shepherd

Recently, bug-bounty programs have gained popularity and become a significant part of the security culture of many organizations. Bug-bounty programs enable organizations to enhance their security posture by harnessing the diverse expertise…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-02-27 Soodeh Atefi , Amutheezan Sivagnanam , Afiya Ayman , Jens Grossklags , Aron Laszka

Bug bounty programs offer a modern platform for organizations to crowdsource their software security and for security researchers to be fairly rewarded for the vulnerabilities they find. Little is known however on the incentives set by bug…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-12-04 Thomas Maillart , Mingyi Zhao , Jens Grossklags , John Chuang

Background: While bug bounty programs are not new in software development, an increasing number of companies, as well as open source projects, rely on external parties to perform the security assessment of their software for reward.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-09-20 Hideaki Hata , Mingyu Guo , M. Ali Babar

Security is an essential cornerstone of functioning digital marketplaces and communities. If users doubt that data shared online will remain secure, they will withdraw from platforms. Even when firms take these risks seriously, security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-15 Johannes Wachs

Bug bounties have become increasingly popular in recent years. This paper discusses bug bounties by framing these theoretically against so-called platform economy. Empirically the interest is on the disclosure of web vulnerabilities through…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-05-28 Jukka Ruohonen , Luca Allodi

We propose and analyze an algorithmic framework for "bias bounties": events in which external participants are invited to propose improvements to a trained model, akin to bug bounty events in software and security. Our framework allows…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-11 Ira Globus-Harris , Michael Kearns , Aaron Roth

Blockchains offer a decentralized and secure execution environment strong enough to host cryptocurrencies, but the state-replication model makes on-chain computation expensive. To avoid heavy on-chain workloads, systems like Truebit and…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Suhyeon Lee , Dieu-Huyen Nguyen , Donghwan Lee

Current bias evaluation methods rarely engage with communities impacted by AI systems. Inspired by bug bounties, bias bounties have been proposed as a reward-based method that involves communities in AI bias detection by asking users of AI…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Sergej Kucenko , Nathaniel Dennler , Fengxiang He

We analyze bribing attacks in Proof-of-Stake distributed ledgers from a game theoretic perspective. In bribing attacks, an adversary offers participants a reward in exchange for instructing them how to behave, with the goal of attacking the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Dimitris Karakostas , Aggelos Kiayias , Thomas Zacharias

Blockchain protocols incentivize participation through monetary rewards, assuming rational actors behave honestly to maximize their gains. However, attackers may attempt to harm others even at personal cost. These denial of profit attacks…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Arian Baloochestani , Leander Jehl

Bug bounty programs have contributed significantly to security in technology firms in the last decade, but little is known about the role of reward incentives in producing useful outcomes. We analyze incentives and outcomes in Google's…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Serena Wang , Martino Banchio , Krzysztof Kotowicz , Katrina Ligett , R. Preston McAfee , Eduardo' Vela'' Nava

Bitcoin uses blockchain technology to maintain transactions order and provides probabilistic guarantee to prevent double-spending, assuming that an attacker's computational power does not exceed %50 of the network power. In this paper, we…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Ghader Ebrahimpour , Mohammad Sayad Haghighi

Software vulnerabilities enable exploitation by malicious hackers, compromising systems and data security. This paper examines bug bounty programs (BBPs) that incentivize ethical hackers to discover and responsibly disclose vulnerabilities…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Esther Gal-Or , Muhammad Zia Hydari , Rahul Telang

Cybersecurity threats and vulnerabilities continue to grow in number and complexity, presenting an increasing challenge for organizations worldwide. Organizations use threat modelling and bug bounty programs to address these threats, which…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-17 Serhan W. Bahar

Researchers have investigated the bug bounty ecosystem from the lens of platforms, programs, and bug hunters. Understanding the perspectives of bug bounty report reviewers, especially those who historically lack a security background and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Jessy Ayala , Steven Ngo , Joshua Garcia

Data sharing is very important for accelerating scientific research, business innovations, and for informing individuals. Yet, concerns over data privacy, cost, and lack of secure data-sharing solutions have prevented data owners from…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-04-20 Vikas Jaiman , Leonard Pernice , Visara Urovi

Smart contract-enabled blockchains allow building decentralized applications in which mutually-distrusted parties can work together. Recently, oracle services emerged to provide these applications with real-world data feeds. Unfortunately,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-12-24 Z. Motaqy , G. Almashaqbeh , B. Bahrak , N. Yazdani

Machine learning has recently enabled large advances in artificial intelligence, but these tend to be highly centralized. The large datasets required are generally proprietary; predictions are often sold on a per-query basis; and published…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-07-18 Justin D. Harris , Bo Waggoner
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