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Language model pre-training has proven to be useful in learning universal language representations. As a state-of-the-art language model pre-training model, BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) has achieved amazing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-06 Chi Sun , Xipeng Qiu , Yige Xu , Xuanjing Huang

Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) represents the latest incarnation of pretrained language models which have recently advanced a wide range of natural language processing tasks. In this paper, we showcase how…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-06 Yang Liu , Mirella Lapata

The increasing complexity and volume of financial transactions pose significant challenges to traditional fraud detection systems. This technical report investigates and compares the efficacy of classical, quantum, and quantum-hybrid…

Motivated by the immutable nature of Ethereum smart contracts and of their transactions, quite many approaches have been proposed to detect defects and security problems before smart contracts become persistent in the blockchain and they…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-17 Filippo Contro , Marco Crosara , Mariano Ceccato , Mila Dalla Preda

Fraud detection is to identify, monitor, and prevent potentially fraudulent activities from complex data. The recent development and success in AI, especially machine learning, provides a new data-driven way to deal with fraud. From a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-05-19 Biao Xu , Yao Wang , Xiuwu Liao , Kaidong Wang

The wide deployment of the generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) has raised privacy concerns for both clients and servers. While cryptographic primitives can be employed for secure GPT inference to protect the privacy of both parties,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Zhengyi Li , Yue Guan , Kang Yang , Yu Feng , Ning Liu , Yu Yu , Jingwen Leng , Minyi Guo

Automated fraud behaviors detection on electronic payment platforms is a tough problem. Fraud users often exploit the vulnerability of payment platforms and the carelessness of users to defraud money, steal passwords, do money laundering,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-09-06 Ruoyu Deng , Na Ruan

Front-running attacks have been a major concern on the blockchain. Attackers launch front-running attacks by inserting additional transactions before upcoming victim transactions to manipulate victim transaction executions and make profits.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-04 Wuqi Zhang , Lili Wei , Shing-Chi Cheung , Yepang Liu , Shuqing Li , Lu Liu , Michael R. Lyu

The use of blockchain and smart contracts have not stopped growing in recent years. Like all software that begins to expand its use, it is also beginning to be targeted by hackers who will try to exploit vulnerabilities in both the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Antonio López Vivar , Ana Lucila Sandoval Orozco , Luis Javier García Villalba

In proof-of-work based blockchains such as Ethereum, verification of blocks is an integral part of establishing consensus across nodes. However, in Ethereum, miners do not receive a reward for verifying. This implies that miners face the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Maher Alharby , Roben Castagna Lunardi , Amjad Aldweesh , Aad van Moorsel

With the increase of credit card usage, the volume of credit card misuse also has significantly increased. As a result, financial organizations are working hard on developing and deploying credit card fraud detection methods, in order to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-09 Niloofar Yousefi , Marie Alaghband , Ivan Garibay

Ethereum has undergone a recent change called \textit{the Merge}, which made Ethereum a Proof-of-Stake blockchain, shifting closer to BFT consensus. Ethereum, which wished to keep the best of the two protocol designs (BFT and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-15 Ulysse Pavloff , Yackolley Amoussou-Guenou , Sara Tucci-Piergiovanni

This paper investigates source code similarity detection using a transformer model augmented with an execution-derived signal. We extend GraphCodeBERT with an explicit, low-dimensional behavioral feature that captures observable agreement…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Jorge Martinez-Gil

Encrypted behavioral patterns provide a unique avenue for classifying complex digital threats without reliance on explicit feature extraction, enabling detection frameworks to remain effective even when conventional static and behavioral…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Barnaby Fortescue , Edmund Hawksmoor , Alistair Wetherington , Frederick Marlowe , Kevin Pekepok

Financial fraud detection is critical for maintaining the integrity of financial systems, particularly in decentralised environments such as cryptocurrency networks. Although Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) are widely used for financial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Omkar Kulkarni , Rohitash Chandra

With the booming growth of e-commerce, detecting financial fraud has become an urgent task to avoid transaction risks. Despite the successful applications of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) in fraud detection, the existing solutions are only…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Yujie Li , Yuxuan Yang , Xin Yang , Qiang Gao , Fan Zhou

The rise of emergence of social media platforms has fundamentally altered how people communicate, and among the results of these developments is an increase in online use of abusive content. Therefore, automatically detecting this content…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-20 Khouloud Mnassri , Praboda Rajapaksha , Reza Farahbakhsh , Noel Crespi

This paper introduces 3MEthTaskforce (https://3meth.github.io), a multi-source, multi-level, and multi-token Ethereum dataset addressing the limitations of single-source datasets. Integrating over 300 million transaction records, 3,880…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Haoyuan Li , Mengxiao Zhang , Maoyuan Li , Jianzheng Li , Junyi Yang , Shuangyan Deng , Zijian Zhang , Jiamou Liu

Pre-trained models of code built on the transformer architecture have performed well on software engineering (SE) tasks such as predictive code generation, code summarization, among others. However, whether the vector representations from…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-08-26 Anjan Karmakar , Romain Robbes

It is challenging to control the quality of online information due to the lack of supervision over all the information posted online. Manual checking is almost impossible given the vast number of posts made on online media and how quickly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-16 Rini Anggrainingsih , Ghulam Mubashar Hassan , Amitava Datta