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The development of driving functions for autonomous vehicles in urban environments is still a challenging task. In comparison with driving on motorways, a wide variety of moving road users, such as pedestrians or cyclists, but also the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-03-16 Andreas Folkers , Matthias Rick , Christof Büskens

Widespread development of driverless vehicles has led to the formation of autonomous racing, where technological development is accelerated by the high speeds and competitive environment of motorsport. A particular challenge for an…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-09-16 Sam Garlick , Andrew Bradley

In the realm of autonomous driving, the development and integration of highly complex and heterogeneous systems are standard practice. Modern vehicles are not monolithic systems; instead, they are composed of diverse hardware components,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Paolo Burgio , Angelo Ferrando , Marco Villani

We describe an open-source simulator that creates sensor irradiance and sensor images of typical automotive scenes in urban settings. The purpose of the system is to support camera design and testing for automotive applications. The user…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-02-13 Zhenyi Liu , Minghao Shen , Jiaqi Zhang , Shuangting Liu , Henryk Blasinski , Trisha Lian , Brian Wandell

Simulation-based testing has emerged as an essential tool for verifying and validating autonomous vehicles (AVs). However, contemporary methodologies, such as deterministic and imitation learning-based driver models, struggle to capture the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Cheng Wang , Lingxin Kong , Massimiliano Tamborski , Stefano V. Albrecht

An open problem for autonomous driving is how to validate the safety of an autonomous vehicle in simulation. Automated testing procedures can find failures of an autonomous system but these failures may be difficult to interpret due to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-06-29 Anthony Corso , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

Due to the complex and dynamic character of intersection scenarios, the autonomous driving strategy at intersections has been a difficult problem and a hot point in the research of intelligent transportation systems in recent years. This…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-07-14 Lianzhen Wei , Zirui Li , Jianwei Gong , Cheng Gong , Jiachen Li

The increasing complexity of automated driving functions and their growing operational design domains imply more demanding requirements on their validation. Classical methods such as field tests or formal analyses are not sufficient anymore…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-05-15 Nicole Neis , Juergen Beyerer

Virtual scenario-based testing methods to validate autonomous driving systems are predominantly centred around collision avoidance, and lack a comprehensive approach to evaluate optimal driving behaviour holistically. Furthermore, current…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Kethan Reddy , Elias Nassif , Panagiotis Angeloudis , Mohammed Quddus , Washington Ochieng

Thorough testing of safety-critical autonomous systems, such as self-driving cars, autonomous robots, and drones, is essential for detecting potential failures before deployment. One crucial testing stage is model-in-the-loop testing, where…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-01-04 Dmytro Humeniuk , Foutse Khomh , Giuliano Antoniol

With the development of autonomous driving technology, sensor calibration has become a key technology to achieve accurate perception fusion and localization. Accurate calibration of the sensors ensures that each sensor can function properly…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Jixiang Li , Jiahao Pi , Guohang Yan , Yikang Li

We consider the challenging problem of high speed autonomous racing in a realistic Formula One environment. DeepRacing is a novel end-to-end framework, and a virtual testbed for training and evaluating algorithms for autonomous racing. The…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-05-12 Trent Weiss , Madhur Behl

The core obstacle towards a large-scale deployment of autonomous vehicles currently lies in the long tail of rare events. These are extremely challenging since they do not occur often in the utilized training data for deep neural networks.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Daniel Bogdoll , Stefani Guneshka , J. Marius Zöllner

Self-driving cars require extensive testing, which can be costly in terms of time. To optimize this process, simple and straightforward tests should be excluded, focusing on challenging tests instead. This study addresses the test selection…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Ali Güllü , Faiz Ali Shah , Dietmar Pfahl

Currently, most existing approaches for the design of Automated Driving System (ADS) scenarios focus on the description at one particular abstraction level typically the most detailed one. This practice often removes information at higher…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Stefan Klikovits , Paolo Arcaini

Verification and validation are major challenges for developing automated driving systems. A concept that gets more and more recognized for testing in automated driving is scenario-based testing. However, it introduces the problem of what…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-05-18 Barbara Schütt , Marc Heinrich , Sonja Marahrens , J. Marius Zöllner , Eric Sax

Controlling automated vehicles on large lane-free roundabouts is challenging because of the geometrical complexity and frequent conflicts among entering, rotating, and exiting vehicles. This paper proposes a comprehensive methodology to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-29 Mehdi Naderi , Markos Papageorgiou , Dimitrios Troullinos , Iasson Karafyllis , Ioannis Papamichail

High-definition (HD) maps are essential for autonomous driving, providing precise information such as road boundaries, lane dividers, and crosswalks to enable safe and accurate navigation. However, traditional HD map generation is…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Zihan Zhang , Abhijit Ravichandran , Pragnya Korti , Luobin Wang , Henrik I. Christensen

Systematic testing of autonomous vehicles operating in complex real-world scenarios is a difficult and expensive problem. We present Paracosm, a reactive language for writing test scenarios for autonomous driving systems. Paracosm allows…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Rupak Majumdar , Aman Mathur , Marcus Pirron , Laura Stegner , Damien Zufferey

Autonomous driving is a challenging problem where there is currently an intense focus on research and development. Human drivers are forced to make thousands of complex decisions in a short amount of time,quickly processing their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-11-11 Niral Shah , Ashwin Shankar , Jae-hong Park