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Medical vision-language models (VLMs) achieve strong performance in diagnostic reporting and image-text alignment, yet their underlying reasoning mechanisms remain fundamentally correlational, exhibiting reliance on superficial statistical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Weiqin Yang , Haowen Xue , Qingyi Peng , Hexuan Hu , Qian Huang , Tingbo Zhang

Neural image-to-text radiology report generation systems offer the potential to improve radiology reporting by reducing the repetitive process of report drafting and identifying possible medical errors. These systems have achieved promising…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Jean-Benoit Delbrouck , Pierre Chambon , Christian Bluethgen , Emily Tsai , Omar Almusa , Curtis P. Langlotz

Common image-text joint understanding techniques presume that images and the associated text can universally be characterized by a single implicit model. However, co-occurring images and text can be related in qualitatively different ways,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-18 Malihe Alikhani , Fangda Han , Hareesh Ravi , Mubbasir Kapadia , Vladimir Pavlovic , Matthew Stone

Chest X-ray (CXR) radiology report generation (RRG) models have shown rapid progress on automated metrics, yet their clinical utility remains uncertain due to limited qualitative evaluation by radiologists. We present CXRMate-2, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Aaron Nicolson , Elizabeth J. Cooper , Hwan-Jin Yoon , Claire McCafferty , Ramya Krishnan , Michelle Craigie , Nivene Saad , Jason Dowling , Ian A. Scott , Bevan Koopman

Radiology reports are an instrumental part of modern medicine, informing key clinical decisions such as diagnosis and treatment. The worldwide shortage of radiologists, however, restricts access to expert care and imposes heavy workloads,…

Chest X-ray report generation aims to reduce radiologists' workload by automatically producing high-quality preliminary reports. A critical yet underexplored aspect of this task is the effective use of patient-specific prior knowledge --…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Kang Liu , Zhuoqi Ma , Zikang Fang , Yunan Li , Kun Xie , Qiguang Miao

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown strong potential for radiology report generation, yet their clinical translation is hindered by architectural heterogeneity and the prevalence of factual hallucinations. Standard…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Kun Zhao , Siyuan Dai , Pan Wang , Jifeng Song , Hui Ji , Chenghua Lin , Liang Zhan , Haoteng Tang

Radiology report generation (RRG) aims to create free-text radiology reports from clinical imaging. Grounded radiology report generation (GRRG) extends RRG by including the localisation of individual findings on the image. Currently, there…

Frontier models have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in understanding and reasoning with natural-language text, but they still exhibit major competency gaps in multimodal understanding and reasoning especially in high-value verticals…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Qianchu Liu , Sheng Zhang , Guanghui Qin , Yu Gu , Ying Jin , Sam Preston , Yanbo Xu , Sid Kiblawi , Wen-wai Yim , Tim Ossowski , Tristan Naumann , Mu Wei , Hoifung Poon

The automated generation of imaging reports proves invaluable in alleviating the workload of radiologists. A clinically applicable reports generation algorithm should demonstrate its effectiveness in producing reports that accurately…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-04 Kang Liu , Zhuoqi Ma , Xiaolu Kang , Zhusi Zhong , Zhicheng Jiao , Grayson Baird , Harrison Bai , Qiguang Miao

Automated interpretation of chest X-rays (CXR) is a critical task with the potential to significantly improve clinical workflow and patient care. While recent advances in multimodal foundation models have shown promise, effectively…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Alexander Davis , Rafael Souza , Jia-Hao Lim

Recent advances in deep learning have enabled researchers to explore tasks at the intersection of computer vision and natural language processing, such as image captioning, visual question answering, visual dialogue, and visual language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Sonit Singh

Given the rapidly expanding capabilities of generative AI models for radiology, there is a need for robust metrics that can accurately measure the quality of AI-generated radiology reports across diverse hospitals. We develop…

Evaluating generated radiology reports is crucial for the development of radiology AI, but existing metrics fail to reflect the task's clinical requirements. This study proposes a novel evaluation framework using large language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Zilong Wang , Xufang Luo , Xinyang Jiang , Dongsheng Li , Lili Qiu

Chest X-ray (CXR) imaging is one of the most widely used diagnostic modalities in clinical practice, encompassing a broad spectrum of diagnostic tasks. Recent advancements have seen the extensive application of reasoning-based multimodal…

Generative vision-language models can produce fluent medical image captions but remain prone to hallucination, over-specific diagnostic claims, and factual inconsistency-serious issues in pathology. We investigate retrieval-guided…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Md. Enamul Hoq , Wataru Uegami , Saghir Alfasly , Ghazal Alabtah , Sahar Rahimi Malakshan , Armita Kazemi , Alex T. Schmitgen , Fred Prior , H. R. Tizhoosh

Automated radiology reporting holds immense clinical potential in alleviating the burdensome workload of radiologists and mitigating diagnostic bias. Recently, retrieval-based report generation methods have garnered increasing attention due…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Junting Zhao , Yang Zhou , Zhihao Chen , Huazhu Fu , Liang Wan

Text-to-image generation increasingly demands access to domain-specific, fine-grained, and rapidly evolving knowledge that pretrained models cannot fully capture, necessitating the integration of retrieval methods. Existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Mengdan Zhu , Senhao Cheng , Guangji Bai , Yifei Zhang , Liang Zhao

Conversational AI tools that can generate and discuss clinically correct radiology reports for a given medical image have the potential to transform radiology. Such a human-in-the-loop radiology assistant could facilitate a collaborative…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Chantal Pellegrini , Ege Özsoy , Benjamin Busam , Nassir Navab , Matthias Keicher

Chest X-ray radiography (CXR) is an essential medical imaging technique for disease diagnosis. However, as 2D projectional images, CXRs are limited by structural superposition and hence fail to capture 3D anatomies. This limitation makes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Zefan Yang , Ge Wang , James Hendler , Mannudeep K. Kalra , Pingkun Yan