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Large language models are prone to misuse and vulnerable to security threats, raising significant safety and security concerns. The European Union's Artificial Intelligence Act seeks to enforce AI robustness in certain contexts, but faces…
The paper introduces concepts of fairness and explainability (XAI) in artificial intelligence, oriented to solve a sophisticated business problems. For fairness, the authors discuss the bias-inducing specifics, as well as relevant…
The diffusion of artificial intelligence (AI) applications in organizations and society has fueled research on explaining AI decisions. The explainable AI (xAI) field is rapidly expanding with numerous ways of extracting information and…
Machine learning algorithms are being used in high-stakes decisions, including those in criminal justice, healthcare, credit, and employment. The research community has responded with two largely independent research fields:…
There is general consensus that it is important for artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning systems to be explainable and/or interpretable. However, there is no general consensus over what is meant by 'explainable' and…
This chapter introduces a conceptual framework for qualitative risk assessment of AI, particularly in the context of the EU AI Act. The framework addresses the complexities of legal compliance and fundamental rights protection by itegrating…
In April 2021, the European Commission published a proposed regulation on AI. It intends to create a uniform legal framework for AI within the European Union (EU). In this chapter, we analyze and assess the proposal. We show that the…
As artificial intelligence (AI) systems become increasingly complex and ubiquitous, these systems will be responsible for making decisions that directly affect individuals and society as a whole. Such decisions will need to be justified due…
The rapidly advancing domain of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has sparked significant interests in developing techniques to make AI systems more transparent and understandable. Nevertheless, in real-world contexts, the methods…
The growing number of AI applications, also for high-stake decisions, increases the interest in Explainable and Interpretable Machine Learning (XI-ML). This trend can be seen both in the increasing number of regulations and strategies for…
Issues regarding explainable AI involve four components: users, laws & regulations, explanations and algorithms. Together these components provide a context in which explanation methods can be evaluated regarding their adequacy. The goal of…
The field of explainable AI (XAI) has quickly become a thriving and prolific community. However, a silent, recurrent and acknowledged issue in this area is the lack of consensus regarding its terminology. In particular, each new…
Recent years have seen important advances in the quality of state-of-the-art models, but this has come at the expense of models becoming less interpretable. This survey presents an overview of the current state of Explainable AI (XAI),…
Within the field of Requirements Engineering (RE), the increasing significance of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) in aligning AI-supported systems with user needs, societal expectations, and regulatory standards has garnered…
We identify several important and unsettled legal questions with profound ethical and societal implications arising from generative artificial intelligence (GenAI), focusing on its distinguishable characteristics from traditional software…
The adoption of human oversight measures makes it possible to regulate, to varying degrees and in different ways, the decision-making process of Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems, for example by placing a human being in charge of…
As artificial intelligence (AI) regulations evolve and the regulatory landscape develops and becomes more complex, ensuring compliance with ethical guidelines and legal frameworks remains a challenge for AI developers. This paper introduces…
As the 5th Generation (5G) mobile networks are bringing about global societal benefits, the design phase for the 6th Generation (6G) has started. 6G will need to enable greater levels of autonomy, improve human machine interfacing, and…
The recent spike in certified Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools for healthcare has renewed the debate around adoption of this technology. One thread of such debate concerns Explainable AI and its promise to render AI devices more…
This document represents the ADAPT Centre's submission to the Irish Department of Enterprise, Trade and Employment (DETE) regarding the public consultation on implementation of the EU AI Act.