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Unsupervised visual anomaly detection conveys practical significance in many scenarios and is a challenging task due to the unbounded definition of anomalies. Moreover, most previous methods are application-specific, and establishing a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Haiming Yao , Xue Wang , Wenyong Yu

Variational autoencoders (VAEs) are widely used deep generative models capable of learning unsupervised latent representations of data. Such representations are often difficult to interpret or control. We consider the problem of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-18 Jack Klys , Jake Snell , Richard Zemel

Anomaly detection (AD) is a critical task across domains such as cybersecurity and healthcare. In the unsupervised setting, an effective and theoretically-grounded principle is to train classifiers to distinguish normal data from…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-18 Matthew Lau , Tian-Yi Zhou , Xiangchi Yuan , Jizhou Chen , Wenke Lee , Xiaoming Huo

Video anomaly detection (VAD) plays a critical role in public safety applications such as intelligent surveillance. However, the rarity, unpredictability, and high annotation cost of real-world anomalies make it difficult to scale VAD…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Suhang Cai , Xiaohao Peng , Chong Wang , Xiaojie Cai , Jiangbo Qian

Anomaly detection is referred to as a process in which the aim is to detect data points that follow a different pattern from the majority of data points. Anomaly detection methods suffer from several well-known challenges that hinder their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Kasra Babaei , Zhi Yuan Chen , Tomas Maul

Time series anomaly detection(TSAD) is a critical task in signal processing field, ensuring the reliability of complex systems. Reconstruction-based methods dominate in TSAD. Among these methods, VAE-based methods have achieved promising…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Hanchang Cheng , Weimin Mu , Fan Liu , Weilin Zhu , Can Ma

Although semi-supervised variational autoencoder (SemiVAE) works in image classification task, it fails in text classification task if using vanilla LSTM as its decoder. From a perspective of reinforcement learning, it is verified that the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-11-28 Weidi Xu , Haoze Sun , Chao Deng , Ying Tan

Industrial anomaly detection is generally addressed as an unsupervised task that aims at locating defects with only normal training samples. Recently, numerous 2D anomaly detection methods have been proposed and have achieved promising…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Yuanpeng Tu , Boshen Zhang , Liang Liu , Yuxi Li , Xuhai Chen , Jiangning Zhang , Yabiao Wang , Chengjie Wang , Cai Rong Zhao

Surveillance footage can catch a wide range of realistic anomalies. This research suggests using a weakly supervised strategy to avoid annotating anomalous segments in training videos, which is time consuming. In this approach only video…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Kapil Deshpande , Narinder Singh Punn , Sanjay Kumar Sonbhadra , Sonali Agarwal

Networks are ubiquitous in the real world such as social networks and communication networks, and anomaly detection on networks aims at finding nodes whose structural or attributed patterns deviate significantly from the majority of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-02 Fengbin Zhang , Haoyi Fan , Ruidong Wang , Zuoyong Li , Tiancai Liang

Weakly supervised graph anomaly detection aims to unveil unusual graph instances, e.g., nodes, whose behaviors significantly differ from normal ones, given only a limited number of annotated anomalies and abundant unlabeled samples. A major…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Yingjie Zhou , Yuqin Xie , Fanxing Liu , Dongjin Song , Ce Zhu , Lingqiao Liu

Nowadays, multivariate time series data are increasingly collected in various real world systems, e.g., power plants, wearable devices, etc. Anomaly detection and diagnosis in multivariate time series refer to identifying abnormal status in…

T2 hyperintensities in spinal cord MR images are crucial biomarkers for conditions such as degenerative cervical myelopathy. However, current clinical diagnoses primarily rely on manual evaluation. Deep learning methods have shown promise…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-18 Qi Zhang , Xiuyuan Chen , Ziyi He , Kun Wang , Lianming Wu , Hongxing Shen , Jianqi Sun

Anomaly detection refers to the task of finding unusual instances that stand out from the normal data. In several applications, these outliers or anomalous instances are of greater interest compared to the normal ones. Specifically in the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-01-14 Manpreet Singh Minhas , John Zelek

Unsupervised Anomaly Detection (UAD) methods aim to identify anomalies in test samples comparing them with a normative distribution learned from a dataset known to be anomaly-free. Approaches based on generative models offer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Sergio Naval Marimont , Vasilis Siomos , Matthew Baugh , Christos Tzelepis , Bernhard Kainz , Giacomo Tarroni

Anomaly detection plays a crucial role in various real-world applications, including healthcare and finance systems. Owing to the limited number of anomaly labels in these complex systems, unsupervised anomaly detection methods have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Zongyuan Huang , Baohua Zhang , Guoqiang Hu , Longyuan Li , Yanyan Xu , Yaohui Jin

Exploiting the rapid advances in probabilistic inference, in particular variational Bayes and variational autoencoders (VAEs), for anomaly detection (AD) tasks remains an open research question. Previous works argued that training VAE…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Adrian Alan Pol , Victor Berger , Gianluca Cerminara , Cecile Germain , Maurizio Pierini

Inverse problems aim to determine model parameters of a mathematical problem from given observational data. Neural networks can provide an efficient tool to solve these problems. In the context of Bayesian inverse problems, Uncertainty…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-09-16 Andrea Tonini , Tan Bui-Thanh , Francesco Regazzoni , Luca Dede' , Alfio Quarteroni

Unsupervised anomaly detection (UAD) seeks to localize the anomaly mask of an input image with respect to normal samples. Either by reconstructing normal counterparts (reconstruction-based) or by learning an image feature embedding space…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-06 Zhe Zhang , Mingxiu Cai , Hanxiao Wang , Gaochang Wu , Tianyou Chai , Xiatian Zhu

Medical anomaly detection aims to identify abnormal findings using only normal training data, playing a crucial role in health screening and recognizing rare diseases. Reconstruction-based methods, particularly those utilizing autoencoders…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Yu Cai , Hao Chen , Kwang-Ting Cheng
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