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Quantum computation holds the promise of solving certain complex problems exponentially faster than classical computers. However, the high prevalent noise in current quantum devices impedes the accurate execution of even basic algorithms.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-13 Prithviraj Prabhu

With gate error rates in multiple technologies now below the threshold required for fault-tolerant quantum computation, the major remaining obstacle to useful quantum computation is scaling, a challenge greatly amplified by the huge…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-09 Kianna Wan , Soonwon Choi , Isaac H. Kim , Noah Shutty , Patrick Hayden

The large overhead imposed by quantum error correction is a critical challenge to the realization of quantum computers, and motivates searching for alternative error correcting codes and fault-tolerant circuit constructions. Postselection…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-10 J. Wilson Staples , Winston Fu , Jeff D. Thompson

Postselected quantum computation is distinguished from regular quantum computation by accepting the output only if measurement outcomes satisfy predetermined conditions. The output must be accepted with nonzero probability. Methods for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 E. Knill

Quantum error correction protects fragile quantum information by encoding it into a larger quantum system. These extra degrees of freedom enable the detection and correction of errors, but also increase the operational complexity of the…

Quantum error correction is an essential tool for reliably performing tasks for processing quantum information on a large scale. However, integration into quantum circuits to achieve these tasks is problematic when one realizes that…

Fault tolerance is widely regarded as indispensable for achieving scalable and reliable quantum computing. However, the spacetime overhead required for fault-tolerant quantum computating remains prohibitively large. A critical challenge…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-26 Pei Zeng , Guo Zheng , Qian Xu , Liang Jiang

In this thesis we examine a variety of techniques for reducing the resources required for fault-tolerant quantum computation. First, we show how to simplify universal encoded computation by using only transversal gates and standard error…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-10-21 Adam Paetznick

Fault-tolerant operations based on stabilizer codes are the state of the art in suppressing error rates in quantum computations. Most such codes do not permit a straightforward implementation of non-Clifford logical operations, which are…

Fault tolerant quantum computing methods which work with efficient quantum error correcting codes are discussed. Several new techniques are introduced to restrict accumulation of errors before or during the recovery. Classes of eligible…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 Andrew M. Steane

Error correcting codes protect quantum information and form the basis of fault tolerant quantum computing. Leading proposals for fault-tolerant quantum computation require codes with an exceedingly rare property, a transverse non-Clifford…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-10-12 Earl T. Campbell

We consider the problem of fault-tolerant quantum computation in the presence of slow error diagnostics, either caused by measurement latencies or slow decoding algorithms. Our scheme offers a few improvements over previously existing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-08 Christopher Chamberland , Pavithran Iyer , David Poulin

A central ingredient in fault-tolerant quantum algorithms is the initialization of a logical state for a given quantum error-correcting code from a set of noisy qubits. A scheme that has demonstrated promising results for small code…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-19 Tom Peham , Ludwig Schmid , Lucas Berent , Markus Müller , Robert Wille

Many current quantum error-correcting codes that achieve full fault tolerance suffer from having low ratios of logical to physical qubits and significant overhead. This makes them difficult to implement on current noisy intermediate-scale…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-22 Christopher Gerhard , Todd A. Brun

To run large-scale algorithms on a quantum computer, error-correcting codes must be able to perform a fundamental set of operations, called logic gates, while isolating the encoded information from…

Correcting errors is a vital but expensive component of fault tolerant quantum computation. Standard fault tolerant protocol assumes the implementation of error correction, via syndrome measurements and possible recovery operations, after…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-08-09 Yaakov S. Weinstein

The quest of demonstrating beneficial quantum error correction in near-term noisy quantum processors can benefit enormously from a low-resource optimization of fault-tolerant schemes, which are specially designed for a particular platform…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-12-11 A. Bermudez , X. Xu , M. Gutiérrez , S. C. Benjamin , M. Müller

Active quantum error correction using qubit stabilizer codes has emerged as a promising, but experimentally challenging, engineering program for building a universal quantum computer. In this review we consider the formalism of qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-04-13 Barbara M. Terhal

A non-Clifford gate is required for universal quantum computation, and, typically, this is the most error-prone and resource intensive logical operation on an error-correcting code. Small, single-qubit rotations are popular choices for this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-10-05 Ryuji Takagi , Theodore J. Yoder , Isaac L. Chuang

In this paper, we place bounds on when it is impossible to purify a noisy two-qubit state if all the gates used in the purification protocol are subject to adversarial local, independent, noise. It is found that the gate operations must be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-05-20 Alastair Kay
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