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In recent years, machine learning (ML) has become a key enabling technology for the sciences and industry. Especially through improvements in methodology, the availability of large databases and increased computational power, today's ML…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-09-27 Wojciech Samek , Klaus-Robert Müller

The rapid advancement of image generation technologies intensifies the demand for interpretable and robust detection methods. Although existing approaches often attain high accuracy, they typically operate as black boxes without providing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Yikun Ji , Hong Yan , Jun Lan , Huijia Zhu , Weiqiang Wang , Qi Fan , Liqing Zhang , Jianfu Zhang

Understanding why machine learning models behave the way they do empowers both system designers and end-users in many ways: in model selection, feature engineering, in order to trust and act upon the predictions, and in more intuitive user…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-06-20 Marco Tulio Ribeiro , Sameer Singh , Carlos Guestrin

The aim of this work is to detect and automatically generate high-level explanations of anomalous events in video. Understanding the cause of an anomalous event is crucial as the required response is dependant on its nature and severity.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-13 Stanislaw Szymanowicz , James Charles , Roberto Cipolla

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) techniques for interpreting object detection models remain in an early stage, with no established standards for systematic evaluation. This absence of consensus hinders both the comparative analysis…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Loc Phuc Truong Nguyen , Hung Truong Thanh Nguyen , Hung Cao

Camouflaged object detection is a challenging task that aims to identify objects that are highly similar to their background. Due to the powerful noise-to-image denoising capability of denoising diffusion models, in this paper, we propose a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Zhennan Chen , Rongrong Gao , Tian-Zhu Xiang , Fan Lin

Anomaly detection and localization in visual data, including images and videos, are crucial in machine learning and real-world applications. Despite rapid advancements in visual anomaly detection (VAD), interpreting these often black-box…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Yizhou Wang , Dongliang Guo , Sheng Li , Octavia Camps , Yun Fu

Modern Artificial Intelligence (AI) enabled Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are complex black boxes. This means that a security analyst will have little to no explanation or clarification on why an IDS model made a particular prediction.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-18 Jesse Ables , Thomas Kirby , William Anderson , Sudip Mittal , Shahram Rahimi , Ioana Banicescu , Maria Seale

While deep neural network (DNN)-based perception models are useful for many applications, these models are black boxes and their outputs are not yet well understood. To confidently enable a real-world, decision-making system to utilize such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Sara Pohland , Claire Tomlin

The integration of artificial intelligence into business processes has significantly enhanced decision-making capabilities across various industries such as finance, healthcare, and retail. However, explaining the decisions made by these AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Arne Grobrugge , Nidhi Mishra , Johannes Jakubik , Gerhard Satzger

Deep Neural Networks have often been called the black box because of the complex, deep architecture and non-transparency presented by the inner layers. There is a lack of trust to use Artificial Intelligence in critical and high-precision…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Frincy Clement , Ji Yang , Irene Cheng

Deep Learning is a state-of-the-art technique to make inference on extensive or complex data. As a black box model due to their multilayer nonlinear structure, Deep Neural Networks are often criticized to be non-transparent and their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-11-28 Vanessa Buhrmester , David Münch , Michael Arens

Language-Guided object recognition in remote sensing imagery is crucial for large-scale mapping and automated data annotation. However, existing open-vocabulary and visual grounding methods rely on explicit category cues, limiting their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Yijie Zheng , Weijie Wu , Qingyun Li , Xuehui Wang , Xu Zhou , Aiai Ren , Jun Shen , Long Zhao , Guoqing Li , Xue Yang

Pursuing fast and robust interpretability in Anomaly Detection is crucial, especially due to its significance in practical applications. Traditional Anomaly Detection methods excel in outlier identification but are often black-boxes,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Valentina Zaccaria , David Dandolo , Chiara Masiero , Gian Antonio Susto

In Autonomous Driving (AD) transparency and safety are paramount, as mistakes are costly. However, neural networks used in AD systems are generally considered black boxes. As a countermeasure, we have methods of explainable AI (XAI), such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Mohamed Roshdi , Julian Petzold , Mostafa Wahby , Hussein Ebrahim , Mladen Berekovic , Heiko Hamann

Biometric authentication has become one of the most widely used tools in the current technological era to authenticate users and to distinguish between genuine users and imposters. Face is the most common form of biometric modality that has…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Rashik Shadman , Daqing Hou , Faraz Hussain , M G Sarwar Murshed

Camouflaged Object Detection (COD) is a challenging task in computer vision due to the high similarity between camouflaged objects and their surroundings. Existing COD methods primarily employ semantic segmentation, which suffers from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Zhongxi Chen , Ke Sun , Xianming Lin , Rongrong Ji

Extreme amodal detection is the task of inferring the 2D location of objects that are not fully visible in the input image but are visible within an expanded field-of-view. This differs from amodal detection, where the object is partially…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Changlin Song , Yunzhong Hou , Michael Randall Barnes , Rahul Shome , Dylan Campbell

A central challenge in explainable AI, particularly in the visual domain, is producing explanations grounded in human-understandable concepts. To tackle this, we introduce OCEAN (Object-Centric Explananda via Agent Negotiation), a novel,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Benjamin Teoh , Ben Glocker , Francesca Toni , Avinash Kori

Cybersecurity is a domain where the data distribution is constantly changing with attackers exploring newer patterns to attack cyber infrastructure. Intrusion detection system is one of the important layers in cyber safety in today's world.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-15 Shraddha Mane , Dattaraj Rao