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Transmittance fluctuations in turbulent atmospheric channels result in quadrature excess noise which limits applicability of continuous-variable quantum communication. Such fluctuations are commonly caused by beam wandering around the…

The influence of losses in the transmission of continuous-variable entangled light through linear devices such as optical fibers is studied, with special emphasis on Gaussian states. Upper bounds on entanglement and the distance to the set…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Dirk-Gunnar Welsch , Stefan Scheel , Aleksej V. Chizhov

This paper will explore the design and implementation of quantum networks in space integrated with quantum networks on Earth. We propose a three-layer approach, involving GEO and LEO satellites integrated with terrestrial ground stations.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-18 Andrea Conti , Robert Malaney , Moe Z. Win

Despite being an integral part of the vision of quantum Internet, Earth-to-satellite (uplink) quantum communications have been considered more challenging than their satellite-to-Earth (downlink) counterparts due to the severe channel-loss…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-15 Ziqing Wang , Timothy C. Ralph , Ryan Aguinaldo , Robert Malaney

In this paper we present a novel analysis of the feasibility of quantum key distribution between a LEO satellite and a ground station. First of all, we study signal propagation through a turbulent atmosphere for uplinks and downlinks,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Cristian Bonato , Andrea Tomaello , Vania Da Deppo , Giampiero Naletto , Paolo Villoresi

The atmospheric turbulence is the main factor that influences quantum properties of propagating optical signals and may sufficiently degrade the performance of quantum communication protocols. The probability distribution of transmittance…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-07-06 D. Vasylyev , W. Vogel , A. A. Semenov

The expansion of satellite-based quantum networks requires adaptive routing mechanisms that can sustain entanglement under dynamic orbital and atmospheric conditions. Conventional schemes, often tailored to static or idealised topologies,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-10 Dhrumil Bhatt , Vidushi Kumar

Quantum light propagation through turbulent atmosphere has become a subject of intensive research, spanning both theoretical and experimental studies. This interest is driven by its important applications in free-space quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-24 A. A. Semenov , M. Klen , I. Pechonkin

For quantum communications, the use of Earth-orbiting satellites to extend distances has gained significant attention in recent years, exemplified in particular by the launch of the Micius satellite in 2016. The performance of applied…

Future quantum communication infrastructures will rely on both terrestrial and space-based links integrating high-performance optical systems engineered for this purpose. In space-based downlinks in particular, the loss budget and the…

This Thesis explores the limits in the application of propagating quantum microwaves for quantum communication and quantum sensing, as well as the design of new devices and protocols to fight these limitations. We take advantage of Gaussian…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-18 Tasio Gonzalez-Raya

Atmospheric turbulence is one of the lead disturbance factors for free-space quantum communication. The quantum states of light in such channels are affected by fluctuating losses characterized by the probability distribution of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-02 M. Klen , A. A. Semenov

Quantum teleportation is possible because entanglement allows a definition of precise correlations between the non-commuting properties of a local system and corresponding non-commuting properties of a remote system. In this paper, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Holger F. Hofmann

In this paper, we investigate the propagation of two-mode spatially Gaussian-entangled quantum light fields passing through the turbulence atmosphere. From the propagation formula of the two-mode wave function in the position…

Optics · Physics 2008-06-12 Li-Gang Wang , Shi-Yao Zhu

Atmospheric channels are a promising candidate to establish secure quantum communication on a global scale. However, due to their turbulent nature, it is crucial to understand the impact of the atmosphere on the quantum properties of light…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-06-22 Martin Bohmann , Regina Kruse , Jan Sperling , Christine Silberhorn , Werner Vogel

Quantum repeaters and satellite-based optical links are complementary technological approaches to overcome the exponential photon loss in optical fibers and thus allow quantum communication on a global scale. We analyze architectures which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-20 Jaspar Meister , Philipp Kleinpaß , Davide Orsucci

As LEO/VLEO satellites offer many attractive features, such as low transmission delay, they are expected to be an integral part of 6G. Global entanglement distribution over LEO and VLEO satellites network must reckon with satellite movement…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-07-24 A. Sen , C. Sumnicht , S. Choudhuri , A. Chang , G. Xue

The evolution of high dimensional entanglement in atmospheric turbulence is investigated. We study the effects of turbulence on photonic states generated by spontaneous parametric down-conversion, both theoretically and experimentally. One…

Satellite-based quantum communication channels are important for ultra-long distances. Given the short duration of a satellite pass, it can be challenging to efficiently connect multiple users of a city-wide network while the satellite is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-24 Stéphane Vinet , Ramy Tannous , Thomas Jennewein

A long standing goal for quantum communication is to transfer a quantum state over arbitrary distances. Free-space quantum communication provides a promising solution towards this challenging goal. Here, through a 97-km free space channel,…