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Related papers: RPU: The Ring Processing Unit

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Fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) on consumer-grade GPUs is highly cost-effective, yet constrained by limited GPU memory and slow PCIe interconnects. Pipeline parallelism combined with CPU offloading mitigates these hardware…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Yibin Luo , Shiwei Gao , Huichuan Zheng , Youyou Lu , Jiwu Shu

For years, SIMD/vector units have enhanced the capabilities of modern CPUs in High-Performance Computing (HPC) and mobile technology. Typical commercially-available SIMD units process up to 8 double-precision elements with one instruction.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Pablo Vizcaino , Georgios Ieronymakis , Nikolaos Dimou , Vassilis Papaefstathiou , Jesus Labarta , Filippo Mantovani

One of the biggest concerns in IoT is privacy and security. Encryption and authentication need big power budgets, which battery-operated IoT end-nodes do not have. Hardware accelerators designed for specific cryptographic operations provide…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-10-01 Ömer Faruk Irmak , Arda Yurdakul

The "Ring Learning with Errors" (RLWE) problem was formulated as a variant of the "Learning with Errors" (LWE) problem, with the purpose of taking advantage of an additional algebraic structure in the underlying considered lattices; this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-02-05 Alberto Pedrouzo-Ulloa , Juan Ramón Troncoso-Pastoriza , Fernando Pérez-González

This work introduces lightweight extensions to the RISC-V ISA to boost the efficiency of heavily Quantized Neural Network (QNN) inference on microcontroller-class cores. By extending the ISA with nibble (4-bit) and crumb (2-bit) SIMD…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Angelo Garofalo , Giuseppe Tagliavini , Francesco Conti , Luca Benini , Davide Rossi

RTL simulation on CPUs remains a persistent bottleneck in hardware design. State-of-the-art simulators embed the circuit directly into the simulation binary, resulting in long compilation times and execution that is fundamentally CPU…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Yan Zhu , Boru Chen , Christopher W. Fletcher , Nandeeka Nayak

In recent years, quantum Ising machines have drawn a lot of attention, but due to physical implementation constraints, it has been difficult to achieve dense coupling, such as full coupling with sufficient spins to handle practical…

The simulation of the two-dimensional Ising model is used as a benchmark to show the computational capabilities of Graphic Processing Units (GPUs). The rich programming environment now available on GPUs and flexible hardware capabilities…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-08-26 Joshua Romero , Mauro Bisson , Massimiliano Fatica , Massimo Bernaschi

The proliferation of edge devices necessitates efficient computational architectures for lightweight tasks, particularly deep neural network (DNN) inference. Traditional NPUs, though effective for such operations, face challenges in power,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Won Hyeok Kim , Hyeong Jin Kim , Tae Hee Han

The Learning with Errors (LWE) problem is the fundamental backbone of modern lattice based cryptography, allowing one to establish cryptography on the hardness of well-studied computational problems. However, schemes based on LWE are often…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-08-06 Charles Grover , Cong Ling , Roope Vehkalahti

Homomorphic encryption (HE) enables computation on encrypted data, and hence it has a great potential in privacy-preserving outsourcing of computations to the cloud. Hardware acceleration of HE is crucial as software implementations are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-13 Ahmet Can Mert , Aikata , Sunmin Kwon , Youngsam Shin , Donghoon Yoo , Yongwoo Lee , Sujoy Sinha Roy

Graph processors such as Graphcore's Intelligence Processing Unit (IPU) are part of the major new wave of novel computer architecture for AI, and have a general design with massively parallel computation, distributed on-chip memory and very…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-31 Joseph Ortiz , Mark Pupilli , Stefan Leutenegger , Andrew J. Davison

Spiking Neural Network processing promises to provide high energy efficiency due to the sparsity of the spiking events. However, when realized on general-purpose hardware -- such as a RISC-V processor -- this promise can be undermined and…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Wiktor J. Szczerek , Artur Podobas

This report makes the case that a well-designed Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) can match, and even exceed, the performance and code density of existing commercial Complex Instruction Set Computers (CISC) while maintaining the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2016-07-11 Christopher Celio , Palmer Dabbelt , David A. Patterson , Krste Asanović

Recent advancements in quantization and mixed-precision approaches offers substantial opportunities to improve the speed and energy efficiency of Neural Networks (NN). Research has shown that individual parameters with varying low…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Giorgos Armeniakos , Alexis Maras , Sotirios Xydis , Dimitrios Soudris

Modern-day computer security relies heavily on cryptography as a means to protect the data that we have become increasingly reliant on. The main research in computer security domain is how to enhance the speed of RSA algorithm. The…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-07-08 Sonam Mahajan , Maninder Singh

Efficient memory management in heterogeneous systems is increasingly challenging due to diverse compute architectures (e.g., CPU, GPU, FPGA) and dynamic task mappings not known at compile time. Existing approaches often require programmers…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Serhan Gener , Aditya Ukarande , Shilpa Mysore Srinivasa Murthy , Sahil Hassan , Joshua Mack , Chaitali Chakrabarti , Umit Ogras , Ali Akoglu

The Image Source Method (ISM) is one of the most employed techniques to calculate acoustic Room Impulse Responses (RIRs), however, its computational complexity grows fast with the reverberation time of the room and its computation time can…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-12 David Diaz-Guerra , Antonio Miguel , Jose R. Beltran

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) have achieved orders of magnitude improvement in terms of energy consumption and latency when performing inference with deep learning workloads. Error backpropagation is presently regarded as the most…

Reasoning language models (RLMs) are increasingly used in programming. Yet, even state-of-the-art RLMs frequently introduce critical security vulnerabilities in generated code. Prior training-based approaches for secure code generation face…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Hao Wang , Niels Mündler , Mark Vero , Jingxuan He , Dawn Song , Martin Vechev