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While deep learning has outperformed other methods for various tasks, theoretical frameworks that explain its reason have not been fully established. To address this issue, we investigate the excess risk of two-layer ReLU neural networks in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-07 Shunta Akiyama , Taiji Suzuki

We study the realization map of deep ReLU networks, focusing on when a function determines its parameters up to scaling and permutation. To analyze hidden redundancies beyond these standard symmetries, we introduce a framework based on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Moritz Grillo , Guido Montúfar

An established measure of the expressive power of a given ReLU neural network is the number of linear regions into which it partitions the input space. There exist many different, non-equivalent definitions of what a linear region actually…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Moritz Stargalla , Christoph Hertrich , Daniel Reichman

Despite a great deal of research, it is still not well-understood why trained neural networks are highly vulnerable to adversarial examples. In this work we focus on two-layer neural networks trained using data which lie on a low…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Odelia Melamed , Gilad Yehudai , Gal Vardi

Consider the following fundamental learning problem: given input examples $x \in \mathbb{R}^d$ and their vector-valued labels, as defined by an underlying generative neural network, recover the weight matrices of this network. We consider…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-11-06 Ainesh Bakshi , Rajesh Jayaram , David P. Woodruff

Deep learning training training algorithms are a huge success in recent years in many fields including speech, text,image video etc. Deeper and deeper layers are proposed with huge success with resnet structures having around 152 layers.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Chinmay Rane , Kanishka Tyagi , Michael Manry

Recent works have cast some light on the mystery of why deep nets fit any data and generalize despite being very overparametrized. This paper analyzes training and generalization for a simple 2-layer ReLU net with random initialization, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-28 Sanjeev Arora , Simon S. Du , Wei Hu , Zhiyuan Li , Ruosong Wang

We study the supervised learning problem under either of the following two models: (1) Feature vectors ${\boldsymbol x}_i$ are $d$-dimensional Gaussians and responses are $y_i = f_*({\boldsymbol x}_i)$ for $f_*$ an unknown quadratic…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-06-24 Behrooz Ghorbani , Song Mei , Theodor Misiakiewicz , Andrea Montanari

Adversarial training is a popular method to give neural nets robustness against adversarial perturbations. In practice adversarial training leads to low robust training loss. However, a rigorous explanation for why this happens under…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-25 Yi Zhang , Orestis Plevrakis , Simon S. Du , Xingguo Li , Zhao Song , Sanjeev Arora

The training process of neural networks usually optimize weights and bias parameters of linear transformations, while nonlinear activation functions are pre-specified and fixed. This work develops a systematic approach to constructing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Zhengqi Liu , Shuhao Cao , Yuwen Li , Ludmil Zikatanov

Convex functions and their gradients play a critical role in mathematical imaging, from proximal optimization to Optimal Transport. The successes of deep learning has led many to use learning-based methods, where fixed functions or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Anne Gagneux , Mathurin Massias , Emmanuel Soubies , Rémi Gribonval

Successfully training deep neural networks often requires either batch normalization, appropriate weight initialization, both of which come with their own challenges. We propose an alternative, geometrically motivated method for training.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Aram-Alexandre Pooladian , Chris Finlay , Adam M Oberman

In this work, we consider the problem of learning one hidden layer ReLU neural networks with inputs from $\mathbb{R}^d$. We show that this learning problem is hard under standard cryptographic assumptions even when: (1) the size of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Shuchen Li , Ilias Zadik , Manolis Zampetakis

We prove that finding all globally optimal two-layer ReLU neural networks can be performed by solving a convex optimization program with cone constraints. Our analysis is novel, characterizes all optimal solutions, and does not leverage…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Yifei Wang , Jonathan Lacotte , Mert Pilanci

Neural networks often operate in the overparameterized regime, in which there are far more parameters than training samples, allowing the training data to be fit perfectly. That is, training the network effectively learns an interpolating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Suzanna Parkinson , Greg Ongie , Rebecca Willett

A simple approach is proposed to obtain complexity controls for neural networks with general activation functions. The approach is motivated by approximating the general activation functions with one-dimensional ReLU networks, which reduces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Zhong Li , Chao Ma , Lei Wu

Given a neural network, training data, and a threshold, it was known that it is NP-hard to find weights for the neural network such that the total error is below the threshold. We determine the algorithmic complexity of this fundamental…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2021-11-22 Mikkel Abrahamsen , Linda Kleist , Tillmann Miltzow

Neural networks are a powerful class of functions that can be trained with simple gradient descent to achieve state-of-the-art performance on a variety of applications. Despite their practical success, there is a paucity of results that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-03-06 Bo Xie , Yingyu Liang , Le Song

Neural networks have attracted a lot of attention due to its success in applications such as natural language processing and computer vision. For large scale data, due to the tremendous number of parameters in neural networks, overfitting…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-07-05 Xiaoxi Shen , Jinghang Lin

Overwhelming theoretical and empirical evidence shows that mildly overparametrized neural networks -- those with more connections than the size of the training data -- are often able to memorize the training data with $100\%$ accuracy. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-04 Roman Vershynin