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This work studies the spectral convergence of graph Laplacian to the Laplace-Beltrami operator when the graph affinity matrix is constructed from $N$ random samples on a $d$-dimensional manifold embedded in a possibly high dimensional…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-09-16 Xiuyuan Cheng , Nan Wu

We study the approximation of eigenvalues for the Laplace-Beltrami operator on closed Riemannian manifolds in the class $\mathcal{M}$, characterized by bounded Ricci curvature, a lower bound on the injectivity radius, and an upper bound on…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-03 Anusha Bhattacharya , Soma Maity

Laplacian Eigenvectors of the graph constructed from a data set are used in many spectral manifold learning algorithms such as diffusion maps and spectral clustering. Given a graph constructed from a random sample of a $d$-dimensional…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-10-29 Xu Wang

Bi-stochastic normalization provides an alternative normalization of graph Laplacians in graph-based data analysis and can be computed efficiently by Sinkhorn-Knopp (SK) iterations. This paper proves the convergence of bi-stochastically…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-07-19 Xiuyuan Cheng , Boris Landa

Approximations of Laplace-Beltrami operators on manifolds through graph Lapla-cians have become popular tools in data analysis and machine learning. These discretized operators usually depend on bandwidth parameters whose tuning remains a…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2017-01-02 Frédéric Chazal , Ilaria Giulini , Bertrand Michel

Given a compact boundaryless Riemannian manifold $Y$ on which a compact Lie group $G$ acts, there is always a metric on $Y$ such that the action is by isometries. Assuming $Y$ is equipped with such a metric, recall that the $G$-invariant…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2013-11-08 M. R. Sandoval

As announced in [12], we develop a calculus of Fourier integral G-operators on any Lie groupoid G. For that purpose, we study convolability and invertibility of Lagrangian conic submanifolds of the symplectic groupoid T * G. We also…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2016-01-06 Jean-Marie Lescure , Stéphane Vassout

Spectral methods that are based on eigenvectors and eigenvalues of discrete graph Laplacians, such as Diffusion Maps and Laplacian Eigenmaps are often used for manifold learning and non-linear dimensionality reduction. It was previously…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2015-06-02 Amit Singer , Hau-tieng Wu

Given a unitary representation of a Lie group $G$ on a Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}$, we develop the theory of $G$-invariant self-adjoint extensions of symmetric operators both using von Neumann's theorem and the theory of quadratic forms. We…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-10-28 Alberto Ibort , Fernando Lledó , Juan Manuel Pérez-Pardo

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have achieved remarkable success in a variety of machine learning tasks over graph data. Existing GNNs usually rely on message passing, i.e., computing node representations by gathering information from the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Junru Zhou , Cai Zhou , Xiyuan Wang , Pan Li , Muhan Zhang

Laplacian-based methods are popular for the dimensionality reduction of data lying in $\mathbb{R}^N$. Several theoretical results for these algorithms depend on the fact that the Euclidean distance locally approximates the geodesic distance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Liane Xu , Amit Singer

For data sampled from an arbitrary density on a manifold embedded in Euclidean space, the Continuous k-Nearest Neighbors (CkNN) graph construction is introduced. It is shown that CkNN is geometrically consistent in the sense that under…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2019-02-26 Tyrus Berry , Timothy Sauer

Graph Laplacians as well as related spectral inequalities and (co-)homology provide a foray into discrete analogues of Riemannian manifolds, providing a rich interplay between combinatorics, geometry and theoretical physics. We apply some…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-07-01 Yang-Hui He , Shing-Tung Yau

The pseudo-inverse of a graph Laplacian matrix, denoted as $L^\dagger$, finds extensive application in various graph analysis tasks. Notable examples include the calculation of electrical closeness centrality, determination of Kemeny's…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-11-20 Meihao Liao , Rong-Hua Li , Qiangqiang Dai , Hongyang Chen , Guoren Wang

Graph-Laplacians and their spectral embeddings play an important role in multiple areas of machine learning. This paper is focused on graph-Laplacian dimension reduction for the spectral clustering of data as a primary application. Spectral…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-08 Vladimir Druskin , Alexander V. Mamonov , Mikhail Zaslavsky

In this paper we give detailed construction of $G$-equivariant Kuranishi chart of moduli spaces of pseudo-holomorphic curves to a symplectic manifold with $G$-action, for an arbitrary compact Lie group $G$. The proof is based on the…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2020-07-28 Kenji Fukaya

Eigenvectors and eigenvalues of discrete graph Laplacians are often used for manifold learning and nonlinear dimensionality reduction. It was previously proved by Belkin and Niyogi that the eigenvectors and eigenvalues of the graph…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-07-02 Zuoqiang Shi

Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) have proven to be successful tools for semi-supervised classification on graph-based datasets. We propose a new GCN variant whose three-part filter space is targeted at dense graphs. Examples include…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-29 Dominik Alfke , Martin Stoll

We show that eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the Laplace-Beltrami operator on a Riemannian manifold are approximated by eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a (suitably weighted) graph Laplace operator of a proximity graph on an epsilon-net.

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2014-11-11 Dmitri Burago , Sergei Ivanov , Yaroslav Kurylev

In a graph convolutional network, we assume that the graph $G$ is generated wrt some observation noise. During learning, we make small random perturbations $\Delta{}G$ of the graph and try to improve generalization. Based on quantum…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-02 Ke Sun , Piotr Koniusz , Zhen Wang