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Variational quantum circuits build the foundation for various classes of quantum algorithms. In a nutshell, the weights of a parametrized quantum circuit are varied until the empirical sampling distribution of the circuit is sufficiently…

Machine learning is widely believed to be one of the most promising practical applications of quantum computing. Existing quantum machine learning schemes typically employ a quantum-classical hybrid approach that relies crucially on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-11 Qi Ye , Shuangyue Geng , Zizhao Han , Weikang Li , L. -M. Duan , Dong-Ling Deng

Hybrid quantum-classical systems make it possible to utilize existing quantum computers to their fullest extent. Within this framework, parameterized quantum circuits can be regarded as machine learning models with remarkable expressive…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-15 Marcello Benedetti , Erika Lloyd , Stefan Sack , Mattia Fiorentini

We present a probabilistic 3D generative model, named Generative Cellular Automata, which is able to produce diverse and high quality shapes. We formulate the shape generation process as sampling from the transition kernel of a Markov…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Dongsu Zhang , Changwoon Choi , Jeonghwan Kim , Young Min Kim

The individual optimization of quantum circuit parameters is currently one of the main practical bottlenecks in variational quantum eigensolvers for electronic systems. To this end, several machine learning approaches have been proposed to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-06 Davide Bincoletto , Korbinian Stein , Jonas Motyl , Jakob S. Kottmann

Generative models frequently suffer miscalibration, wherein statistics of the sampling distribution, such as the fraction of generations in a given class, deviate from desired values. We frame calibration as a constrained optimization…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-29 Henry D. Smith , Nathaniel L. Diamant , Brian L. Trippe

We introduce a new class of generative quantum-neural-network-based models called Quantum Hamiltonian-Based Models (QHBMs). In doing so, we establish a paradigmatic approach for quantum-probabilistic hybrid variational learning, where we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-07 Guillaume Verdon , Jacob Marks , Sasha Nanda , Stefan Leichenauer , Jack Hidary

We study a practical question in generative quantum machine learning: given a classical dataset, can we determine, before training, whether it is well suited to a quantum generative model? We focus on a class of quantum circuits known as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Chen-Yu Liu , Leonardo Placidi , Eric Brunner , Enrico Rinaldi

The rapid advancements in quantum computing (QC) and machine learning (ML) have led to the emergence of quantum machine learning (QML), which integrates the strengths of both fields. Among QML approaches, variational quantum circuits…

One of the most important properties of neural networks is the clustering of local minima of the loss function near the global minimum, enabling efficient training. Though generative models implemented on quantum computers are known to be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-13 Eric R. Anschuetz

We propose a classical-quantum hybrid algorithm for machine learning on near-term quantum processors, which we call quantum circuit learning. A quantum circuit driven by our framework learns a given task by tuning parameters implemented on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-25 Kosuke Mitarai , Makoto Negoro , Masahiro Kitagawa , Keisuke Fujii

We show how techniques from machine learning and optimization can be used to find circuits of photonic quantum computers that perform a desired transformation between input and output states. In the simplest case of a single input state,…

In this paper, we develop a Lie group theoretic approach for parametric representation of unitary matrices. This leads to develop a quantum neural network framework for quantum circuit approximation of multi-qubit unitary gates. Layers of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-26 Rohit Sarma Sarkar , Bibhas Adhikari

We propose a method to fuse posterior distributions learned from heterogeneous datasets. Our algorithm relies on a mean field assumption for both the fused model and the individual dataset posteriors and proceeds using a simple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-14 Sebastian Claici , Mikhail Yurochkin , Soumya Ghosh , Justin Solomon

The rapid progress in quantum computing (QC) and machine learning (ML) has attracted growing attention, prompting extensive research into quantum machine learning (QML) algorithms to solve diverse and complex problems. Designing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-13 Samuel Yen-Chi Chen , Huan-Hsin Tseng , Hsin-Yi Lin , Shinjae Yoo

Variational quantum circuits characterise the state of a quantum system through the use of parameters that are optimised using classical optimisation procedures that typically rely on gradient information. The circuit-execution complexity…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-28 Sayantan Pramanik , Chaitanya Murti , M Girish Chandra

Deep generative models are key-enabling technology to computer vision, text generation, and large language models. Denoising diffusion probabilistic models (DDPMs) have recently gained much attention due to their ability to generate diverse…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-02 Bingzhi Zhang , Peng Xu , Xiaohui Chen , Quntao Zhuang

Parameterized quantum circuits (PQCs) are crucial for quantum machine learning and circuit synthesis, enabling the practical implementation of complex quantum tasks. However, PQC learning has been largely confined to classical optimization…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-01 Keren Li , Yuanfeng Wang , Pan Gao , Shenggen Zheng

The task of learning a probability distribution from samples is ubiquitous across the natural sciences. The output distributions of local quantum circuits form a particularly interesting class of distributions, of key importance both to…

Quantum computers leverage the unique advantages of quantum mechanics to achieve acceleration over classical computers for certain problems. Currently, various quantum simulators provide powerful tools for researchers, but simulating…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-31 Shuangxiang Zhou , Ronghang Chen , Zheng An , Shi-Yao Hou