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Fine-grained opinion analysis of text provides a detailed understanding of expressed sentiments, including the addressed entity. Although this level of detail is valuable, annotating opinions in datasets for model training requires…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Gaurav Negi , MA Waskow , John McCrae , Omnia Zayed , Paul Buitelaar

While large language models (LLMs) demonstrate reasonable zero-shot capability across many downstream tasks, fine-tuning is a common practice to improve their performance. However, a task's data efficiency--i.e., the number of fine-tuning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Gyung Hyun Je , Colin Raffel

Ensuring transparency of data practices related to personal information is a core requirement of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). However, large-scale compliance assessment remains challenging due to the complexity and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Thomas Cory , Wolf Rieder , Julia Krämer , Philip Raschke , Patrick Herbke , Axel Küpper

Tabular data is ubiquitous in real-world applications and abundant on the web, yet its annotation has traditionally required human labor, posing a significant scalability bottleneck for tabular machine learning. Our methodology can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Yaojie Hu , Ilias Fountalis , Jin Tian , Nikolaos Vasiloglou

We introduce Directional Stimulus Prompting, a novel framework for guiding black-box large language models (LLMs) toward specific desired outputs. Instead of directly adjusting LLMs, our method employs a small tunable policy model (e.g.,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Zekun Li , Baolin Peng , Pengcheng He , Michel Galley , Jianfeng Gao , Xifeng Yan

Crowdsourcing has been the prevalent paradigm for creating natural language understanding datasets in recent years. A common crowdsourcing practice is to recruit a small number of high-quality workers, and have them massively generate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-29 Mor Geva , Yoav Goldberg , Jonathan Berant

Requirements classification assigns natural language requirements to predefined classes, such as functional and non functional. Accurate classification reduces risk and improves software quality. Most existing models rely on supervised…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Manal Binkhonain , Reem Alfayaz

This study introduces a prescriptive annotation benchmark grounded in humanities research to ensure consistent, unbiased labeling of offensive language, particularly for casual and non-mainstream language uses. We contribute two newly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Xinmeng Hou

Large Language Models (LLMs), with their remarkable ability to tackle challenging and unseen reasoning problems, hold immense potential for tabular learning, that is vital for many real-world applications. In this paper, we propose a novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Sungwon Han , Jinsung Yoon , Sercan O Arik , Tomas Pfister

Computational social science (CSS) practitioners often rely on human-labeled data to fine-tune supervised text classifiers. We assess the potential for researchers to augment or replace human-generated training data with surrogate training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Nicholas Pangakis , Samuel Wolken

Stance classification, the task of predicting the viewpoint of an author on a subject of interest, has long been a focal point of research in domains ranging from social science to machine learning. Current stance detection methods rely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-07 Iain J. Cruickshank , Lynnette Hui Xian Ng

Streaming services have reshaped how we discover and engage with digital entertainment. Despite these advancements, effectively understanding the wide spectrum of user search queries continues to pose a significant challenge. An accurate…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Farnoosh Javadi , Phanideep Gampa , Alyssa Woo , Xingxing Geng , Hang Zhang , Jose Sepulveda , Belhassen Bayar , Fei Wang

In the rapidly evolving landscape of Natural Language Processing (NLP), the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) for automated text annotation in social media posts has garnered significant interest. Despite the impressive innovations in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Mao Li , Frederick Conrad

In this work, we explore the capability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to annotate hate speech and abusiveness while considering predefined annotator personas within the strong-to-weak data perspectivism spectra. We evaluated LLM-generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Olufunke O. Sarumi , Charles Welch , Daniel Braun , Jörg Schlötterer

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly applied to document-based tasks - such as document summarization, question answering, and information extraction - where user requirements focus on retrieving information from provided…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Vipula Rawte , Ryan A. Rossi , Franck Dernoncourt , Nedim Lipka

Data annotated by humans is a source of knowledge by describing the peculiarities of the problem and therefore fueling the decision process of the trained model. Unfortunately, the annotation process for subjective natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Kamil Kanclerz , Julita Bielaniewicz , Marcin Gruza , Jan Kocon , Stanisław Woźniak , Przemysław Kazienko

Since the natural language processing (NLP) community started to make large language models (LLMs) act as a critic to evaluate the quality of generated texts, most of the existing works train a critique generation model on the evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Pei Ke , Bosi Wen , Zhuoer Feng , Xiao Liu , Xuanyu Lei , Jiale Cheng , Shengyuan Wang , Aohan Zeng , Yuxiao Dong , Hongning Wang , Jie Tang , Minlie Huang

Text-attributed graphs have recently garnered significant attention due to their wide range of applications in web domains. Existing methodologies employ word embedding models for acquiring text representations as node features, which are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Jianxiang Yu , Yuxiang Ren , Chenghua Gong , Jiaqi Tan , Xiang Li , Xuecang Zhang

Aspect sentiment quad prediction (ASQP) facilitates a detailed understanding of opinions expressed in a text by identifying the opinion term, aspect term, aspect category and sentiment polarity for each opinion. However, annotating a full…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Nils Constantin Hellwig , Jakob Fehle , Udo Kruschwitz , Christian Wolff

Large language models (LLMs) are very proficient text generators. We leverage this capability of LLMs to generate task-specific data via zero-shot prompting and promote cross-lingual transfer for low-resource target languages. Given…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Barah Fazili , Ashish Sunil Agrawal , Preethi Jyothi