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Related papers: Neuro-symbolic Rule Learning in Real-world Classif…

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Neural Disjunctive Normal Form (DNF) based models are powerful and interpretable approaches to neuro-symbolic learning and have shown promising results in classification and reinforcement learning settings without prior knowledge of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Kexin Gu Baugh , Vincent Perreault , Matthew Baugh , Luke Dickens , Katsumi Inoue , Alessandra Russo

Humans have the ability to seamlessly combine low-level visual input with high-level symbolic reasoning often in the form of recognising objects, learning relations between them and applying rules. Neuro-symbolic systems aim to bring a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Nuri Cingillioglu , Alessandra Russo

Symbolic rule learners generate interpretable solutions, however they require the input to be encoded symbolically. Neuro-symbolic approaches overcome this issue by mapping raw data to latent symbolic concepts using a neural network.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Theo Charalambous , Yaniv Aspis , Alessandra Russo

Neuro-symbolic learning (NSL) models complex symbolic rule patterns into latent variable distributions by neural networks, which reduces rule search space and generates unseen rules to improve downstream task performance. Centralized NSL…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Pengwei Xing , Songtao Lu , Han Yu

Inductive rule learning is arguably among the most traditional paradigms in machine learning. Although we have seen considerable progress over the years in learning rule-based theories, all state-of-the-art learners still learn descriptions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-21 Florian Beck , Johannes Fürnkranz

Logic-based machine learning aims to learn general, interpretable knowledge in a data-efficient manner. However, labelled data must be specified in a structured logical form. To address this limitation, we propose a neural-symbolic learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-06 Daniel Cunnington , Mark Law , Alessandra Russo , Jorge Lobo

Interpretability is having an increasingly important role in the design of machine learning algorithms. However, interpretable methods tend to be less accurate than their black-box counterparts. Among others, DNFs (Disjunctive Normal Forms)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Fabio Aiolli , Luca Bergamin , Tommaso Carraro , Mirko Polato

This paper proposes a new paradigm for learning a set of independent logical rules in disjunctive normal form as an interpretable model for classification. We consider the problem of learning an interpretable decision rule set as training a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-15 Litao Qiao , Weijia Wang , Bill Lin

Although deep reinforcement learning has been shown to be effective, the model's black-box nature presents barriers to direct policy interpretation. To address this problem, we propose a neuro-symbolic approach called neural DNF-MT for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Kexin Gu Baugh , Luke Dickens , Alessandra Russo

Deep reinforcement learning (RL) methods often require many trials before convergence, and no direct interpretability of trained policies is provided. In order to achieve fast convergence and interpretability for the policy in RL, we…

Standard deep neural networks (DNNs) are commonly trained in an end-to-end fashion for specific tasks such as object recognition, face identification, or character recognition, among many examples. This specificity often leads to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-14 Raphaël Achddou , J. Matias di Martino , Guillermo Sapiro

Neurosymbolic learning can use symbolic rules to provide supervision for latent concepts from weak labels, but it commonly assumes that the entities referenced by these rules are already specified. Object-centric models decompose images…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Stefano Colamonaco , David Debot , Giuseppe Marra

Many real-world safety-critical systems are governed by explicit rules that define unsafe world configurations and constrain agent interactions. In practice, these rules are complex and context-dependent, making manual specification…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Haichuan Wang , Jay Patrikar , Sebastian Scherer

Computational learning theory states that many classes of boolean formulas are learnable in polynomial time. This paper addresses the understudied subject of how, in practice, such formulas can be learned by deep neural networks.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Marcio Nicolau , Anderson R. Tavares , Zhiwei Zhang , Pedro Avelar , João M. Flach , Luis C. Lamb , Moshe Y. Vardi

This paper proposes algorithms for learning two-level Boolean rules in Conjunctive Normal Form (CNF, i.e. AND-of-ORs) or Disjunctive Normal Form (DNF, i.e. OR-of-ANDs) as a type of human-interpretable classification model, aiming for a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-11-24 Guolong Su , Dennis Wei , Kush R. Varshney , Dmitry M. Malioutov

Recent progress in deep reinforcement learning (DRL) can be largely attributed to the use of neural networks. However, this black-box approach fails to explain the learned policy in a human understandable way. To address this challenge and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-03-17 Zhihao Ma , Yuzheng Zhuang , Paul Weng , Hankz Hankui Zhuo , Dong Li , Wulong Liu , Jianye Hao

Learning efficient and interpretable policies has been a challenging task in reinforcement learning (RL), particularly in the visual RL setting with complex scenes. While neural networks have achieved competitive performance, the resulting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-02 Wenqing Zheng , S P Sharan , Zhiwen Fan , Kevin Wang , Yihan Xi , Zhangyang Wang

Building neural systems that can learn to execute symbolic algorithms is a challenging open problem in artificial intelligence, especially when aiming for strong generalization and out-of-distribution performance. In this work, we introduce…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Flavio Petruzzellis , Alberto Testolin , Alessandro Sperduti

A common problem of classical neural network architectures is that additional information or expert knowledge cannot be naturally integrated into the learning process. To overcome this limitation, we propose a two-step approach consisting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Florian Seiffarth

Understanding how animals learn is a central challenge in neuroscience, with growing relevance to the development of animal- or human-aligned artificial intelligence. However, existing approaches tend to assume fixed parametric forms for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Yuhan Helena Liu , Victor Geadah , Jonathan Pillow
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