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Most research about natural language generation (NLG) relies on evaluation benchmarks with limited references for a sample, which may result in poor correlations with human judgements. The underlying reason is that one semantic meaning can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Tianyi Tang , Hongyuan Lu , Yuchen Eleanor Jiang , Haoyang Huang , Dongdong Zhang , Wayne Xin Zhao , Tom Kocmi , Furu Wei

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit impressive proficiency in natural language generation, understanding user instructions, and emulating human-like language use, which has led to significant interest in their application to role-playing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Xun Liu , Zhengwei Ni

Evaluating the output of generative large language models (LLMs) is challenging and difficult to scale. Many evaluations of LLMs focus on tasks such as single-choice question-answering or text classification. These tasks are not suitable…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Sebastian Heineking , Jonas Probst , Daniel Steinbach , Martin Potthast , Harrisen Scells

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated substantial progress in biomedical and clinical applications, motivating rigorous evaluation of their ability to answer nuanced, evidence-based questions. We curate a multi-source benchmark…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Can Wang , Yiqun Chen

We study the ability of large language models (LLMs) to generate comprehensive and accurate book summaries solely from their internal knowledge, without recourse to the original text. Employing a diverse set of books and multiple LLM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Javier Coronado-Blázquez

Driven by the remarkable progress in diffusion models, text-to-image generation has made significant strides, creating a pressing demand for automatic quality evaluation of generated images. Current state-of-the-art automatic evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Rong-Cheng Tu , Zi-Ao Ma , Tian Lan , Yuehao Zhao , Heyan Huang , Xian-Ling Mao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized various Natural Language Generation (NLG) tasks, including Argument Summarization (ArgSum), a key subfield of Argument Mining. This paper investigates the integration of state-of-the-art LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Moritz Altemeyer , Steffen Eger , Johannes Daxenberger , Yanran Chen , Tim Altendorf , Philipp Cimiano , Benjamin Schiller

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained immense attention due to their notable emergent capabilities, surpassing those seen in earlier language models. A particularly intriguing application of LLMs is their role as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-02 Xue-Yong Fu , Md Tahmid Rahman Laskar , Cheng Chen , Shashi Bhushan TN

There is growing interest in systems that generate captions for scientific figures. However, assessing these systems output poses a significant challenge. Human evaluation requires academic expertise and is costly, while automatic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Ting-Yao Hsu , Chieh-Yang Huang , Ryan Rossi , Sungchul Kim , C. Lee Giles , Ting-Hao K. Huang

Previous work adopts large language models (LLMs) as evaluators to evaluate natural language process (NLP) tasks. However, certain shortcomings, e.g., fairness, scope, and accuracy, persist for current LLM evaluators. To analyze whether…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Qintong Li , Leyang Cui , Lingpeng Kong , Wei Bi

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) on language modeling and emergent capabilities make them a promising reference-free evaluator of natural language generation quality, and a competent alternative to human evaluation.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Yuxuan Liu , Tianchi Yang , Shaohan Huang , Zihan Zhang , Haizhen Huang , Furu Wei , Weiwei Deng , Feng Sun , Qi Zhang

Recent studies have applied large language models (LLMs) to machine translation quality estimation (MTQE) by prompting models to assign numeric scores. Nonetheless, these direct scoring methods tend to show low segment-level correlation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Hyang Cui

In this study, we leverage LLM to enhance the semantic analysis and develop similarity metrics for texts, addressing the limitations of traditional unsupervised NLP metrics like ROUGE and BLEU. We develop a framework where LLMs such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Shaochen Xu , Zihao Wu , Huaqin Zhao , Peng Shu , Zhengliang Liu , Wenxiong Liao , Sheng Li , Andrea Sikora , Tianming Liu , Xiang Li

Recent research has increasingly focused on evaluating large language models' (LLMs) alignment with diverse human values and preferences, particularly for open-ended tasks like story generation. Traditional evaluation metrics rely heavily…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Danqing Wang , Kevin Yang , Hanlin Zhu , Xiaomeng Yang , Andrew Cohen , Lei Li , Yuandong Tian

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) has opened new opportunities to automate software engineering activities that traditionally require substantial manual effort. Among these, class diagram generation represents a critical yet…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Jackson Nguyen , Rui En Koe , Fanyu Wang , Chetan Arora , Alessio Ferrari

Self-assessment is a key aspect of reliable intelligence, yet evaluations of large language models (LLMs) focus mainly on task accuracy. We adapted the 10-item General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) to elicit simulated self-assessments from ten…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Daniel I Jackson , Emma L Jensen , Syed-Amad Hussain , Emre Sezgin

This study offers an initial evaluation of a human-in-the-loop system leveraging GPT-4 (a large language model or LLM), and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) to identify and define jargon terms in scientific abstracts, based on readers'…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Sachita Nishal , Eric Lee , Nicholas Diakopoulos

Evaluation of natural language generation (NLG) is complex and multi-dimensional. Generated text can be evaluated for fluency, coherence, factuality, or any other dimensions of interest. Most frameworks that perform such multi-dimensional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Sameer Jain , Vaishakh Keshava , Swarnashree Mysore Sathyendra , Patrick Fernandes , Pengfei Liu , Graham Neubig , Chunting Zhou

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable success in NLP tasks. However, there is a paucity of studies that attempt to evaluate their performances on social media-based health-related natural language processing tasks, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Yuting Guo , Anthony Ovadje , Mohammed Ali Al-Garadi , Abeed Sarker

Evaluating answers from state-of-the-art large language models (LLMs) is challenging: lexical metrics miss semantic nuances, whereas "LLM-as-Judge" scoring is computationally expensive. We re-evaluate a lightweight alternative --…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Sai Shridhar Balamurali , Lu Cheng
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