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In a world of daily emerging scientific inquisition and discovery, the prolific launch of machine learning across industries comes to little surprise for those familiar with the potential of ML. Neither so should the congruent expansion of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-12-13 Brianna Richardson , Juan E. Gilbert

Despite conflicting definitions and conceptions of fairness, AI fairness researchers broadly agree that fairness is context-specific. However, when faced with general-purpose AI, which by definition serves a range of contexts, how should we…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Vyoma Raman , Judy Hanwen Shen , Andy K. Zhang , Lindsey Gailmard , Rishi Bommasani , Daniel E. Ho , Angelina Wang

Fairness is a concept of justice. Various definitions exist, some of them conflicting with each other. In the absence of an uniformly accepted notion of fairness, choosing the right kind for a specific situation has always been a central…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-10-01 Boris Ruf , Marcin Detyniecki

Fairness in AI and machine learning systems has become a fundamental problem in the accountability of AI systems. While the need for accountability of AI models is near ubiquitous, healthcare in particular is a challenging field where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Ming Yuan , Vikas Kumar , Muhammad Aurangzeb Ahmad , Ankur Teredesai

Software fairness testing is a central method for evaluating AI systems, yet the meaning of fairness is often treated as fixed and universally applicable. This vision paper positions fairness testing as culturally situated and examines the…

This paper presents a philosophical and experimental study of fairness interventions in AI classification, centered on the explainability of corrective methods. We argue that ensuring fairness requires not only satisfying a target…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Thomas Souverain , Johnathan Nguyen , Nicolas Meric , Paul Égré

Existing work on fairness typically focuses on making known machine learning algorithms fairer. Fair variants of classification, clustering, outlier detection and other styles of algorithms exist. However, an understudied area is the topic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Ian Davidson , S. S. Ravi

The integration of AI in education holds immense potential for personalizing learning experiences and transforming instructional practices. However, AI systems can inadvertently encode and amplify biases present in educational data, leading…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Zhipeng Yin , Sribala Vidyadhari Chinta , Zichong Wang , Matthew Gonzalez , Wenbin Zhang

Decisions made by various Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems greatly influence our day-to-day lives. With the increasing use of AI systems, it becomes crucial to know that they are fair, identify the underlying biases in their…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Avinash Agarwal , Harsh Agarwal , Nihaarika Agarwal

Educational technologies, and the systems of schooling in which they are deployed, enact particular ideologies about what is important to know and how learners should learn. As artificial intelligence technologies -- in education and beyond…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Michael Madaio , Su Lin Blodgett , Elijah Mayfield , Ezekiel Dixon-Román

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has demonstrated remarkable capabilities in domains such as recruitment, finance, healthcare, and the judiciary. However, biases in AI systems raise ethical and societal concerns, emphasizing the need for…

Fairness is a growing concern for high-risk decision-making using Artificial Intelligence (AI) but ensuring it through purely technical means is challenging: there is no universally accepted fairness measure, fairness is context-dependent,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Evdoxia Taka , Yuri Nakao , Ryosuke Sonoda , Takuya Yokota , Lin Luo , Simone Stumpf

Machine Learning software systems are frequently used in our day-to-day lives. Some of these systems are used in various sensitive environments to make life-changing decisions. Therefore, it is crucial to ensure that these AI/ML systems do…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Ajoy Das , Gias Uddin , Shaiful Chowdhury , Mostafijur Rahman Akhond , Hadi Hemmati

Recent years have seen the development of many open-source ML fairness toolkits aimed at helping ML practitioners assess and address unfairness in their systems. However, there has been little research investigating how ML practitioners…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-01-11 Wesley Hanwen Deng , Manish Nagireddy , Michelle Seng Ah Lee , Jatinder Singh , Zhiwei Steven Wu , Kenneth Holstein , Haiyi Zhu

Fairness-aware learning aims at satisfying various fairness constraints in addition to the usual performance criteria via data-driven machine learning techniques. Most of the research in fairness-aware learning employs the setting of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-23 Pratik Gajane , Akrati Saxena , Maryam Tavakol , George Fletcher , Mykola Pechenizkiy

Successful deployment of artificial intelligence (AI) in various settings has led to numerous positive outcomes for individuals and society. However, AI systems have also been shown to harm parts of the population due to biased predictions.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Ondrej Bohdal , Timothy Hospedales , Philip H. S. Torr , Fazl Barez

Assessing fairness in artificial intelligence (AI) typically involves AI experts who select protected features, fairness metrics, and set fairness thresholds to assess outcome fairness. However, little is known about how stakeholders,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Lin Luo , Yuri Nakao , Mathieu Chollet , Hiroya Inakoshi , Simone Stumpf

As learning machines increase their influence on decisions concerning human lives, analyzing their fairness properties becomes a subject of central importance. Yet, our best tools for measuring the fairness of learning systems are rigid…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-07-21 David Lopez-Paz , Diane Bouchacourt , Levent Sagun , Nicolas Usunier

An increasing number of decisions regarding the daily lives of human beings are being controlled by artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms in spheres ranging from healthcare, transportation, and education to college admissions,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-01-28 Dana Pessach , Erez Shmueli

Software testing ensures that a system functions correctly, meets specified requirements, and maintains high quality. As artificial intelligence and machine learning (ML) technologies become integral to software systems, testing has evolved…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Ronnie de Souza Santos , Matheus de Morais Leca , Reydne Santos , Cleyton Magalhaes