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Data heterogeneity is an inherent challenge that hinders the performance of federated learning (FL). Recent studies have identified the biased classifiers of local models as the key bottleneck. Previous attempts have used classifier…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Zexi Li , Xinyi Shang , Rui He , Tao Lin , Chao Wu

Neural collapse is a phenomenon observed during the terminal phase of neural network training, characterized by the convergence of network activations, class means, and linear classifier weights to a simplex equiangular tight frame (ETF), a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Emily Liu

Though successful, federated learning presents new challenges for machine learning, especially when the issue of data heterogeneity, also known as Non-IID data, arises. To cope with the statistical heterogeneity, previous works incorporated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-03 Mahdi Morafah , Saeed Vahidian , Chen Chen , Mubarak Shah , Bill Lin

Modern deep neural networks for classification usually jointly learn a backbone for representation and a linear classifier to output the logit of each class. A recent study has shown a phenomenon called neural collapse that the within-class…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-13 Yibo Yang , Shixiang Chen , Xiangtai Li , Liang Xie , Zhouchen Lin , Dacheng Tao

Federated learning enables resource-constrained edge compute devices, such as mobile phones and IoT devices, to learn a shared model for prediction, while keeping the training data local. This decentralized approach to train models provides…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-22 Yue Zhao , Meng Li , Liangzhen Lai , Naveen Suda , Damon Civin , Vikas Chandra

Federated learning (FL) is an emerging technique used to collaboratively train a global machine learning model while keeping the data localized on the user devices. The main obstacle to FL's practical implementation is the Non-Independent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-01 Hiep Nguyen , Lam Phan , Harikrishna Warrier , Yogesh Gupta

Distributed learning algorithms aim to leverage distributed and diverse data stored at users' devices to learn a global phenomena by performing training amongst participating devices and periodically aggregating their local models'…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-04 Naram Mhaisen , Alaa Awad , Amr Mohamed , Aiman Erbad , Mohsen Guizani

Federated learning involves training machine learning models over devices or data silos, such as edge processors or data warehouses, while keeping the data local. Training in heterogeneous and potentially massive networks introduces bias…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Zichen Ma , Yu Lu , Zihan Lu , Wenye Li , Jinfeng Yi , Shuguang Cui

Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a means of distributed learning using local data stored at clients with a coordinating server. Recent studies showed that FL can suffer from poor performance and slower convergence when training data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Van Sy Mai , Richard J. La , Tao Zhang

As privacy concerns and data regulations grow, federated learning (FL) has emerged as a promising approach for training machine learning models across decentralized data sources without sharing raw data. However, a significant challenge in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Jungwon Seo , Ferhat Ozgur Catak , Chunming Rong

Federated learning (FL) allows multiple clients to collectively train a high-performance global model without sharing their private data. However, the key challenge in federated learning is that the clients have significant statistical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-23 Liang Gao , Huazhu Fu , Li Li , Yingwen Chen , Ming Xu , Cheng-Zhong Xu

Federated learning (FL) enables collaboratively training deep learning models on decentralized data. However, there are three types of heterogeneities in FL setting bringing about distinctive challenges to the canonical federated learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-18 Tao Shen , Jie Zhang , Xinkang Jia , Fengda Zhang , Gang Huang , Pan Zhou , Kun Kuang , Fei Wu , Chao Wu

Deep neural networks have shown the ability to extract universal feature representations from data such as images and text that have been useful for a variety of learning tasks. However, the fruits of representation learning have yet to be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Liam Collins , Hamed Hassani , Aryan Mokhtari , Sanjay Shakkottai

Federated learning (FL) enables multiple clients to collaboratively train a global model while keeping local data decentralized. Data heterogeneity (non-IID) across clients has imposed significant challenges to FL, which makes local models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Yuting He , Yiqiang Chen , XiaoDong Yang , Hanchao Yu , Yi-Hua Huang , Yang Gu

Federated learning is an approach to collaboratively training machine learning models for multiple parties that prohibit data sharing. One of the challenges in federated learning is non-IID data between clients, as a single model can not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Peng Lan , Donglai Chen , Chong Xie , Keshu Chen , Jinyuan He , Juntao Zhang , Yonghong Chen , Yan Xu

Data heterogeneity is one of the most challenging issues in federated learning, which motivates a variety of approaches to learn personalized models for participating clients. One such approach in deep neural networks based tasks is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Jian Xu , Xinyi Tong , Shao-Lun Huang

How to tackle non-iid data is a crucial topic in federated learning. This challenging problem not only affects training process, but also harms performance of clients not participating in training. Existing literature mainly focuses on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-17 Meirui Jiang , Xiaoxiao Li , Xiaofei Zhang , Michael Kamp , Qi Dou

We rethink Federated Learning (FL) from a nested learning perspective, framing the core challenge as how to collaboratively learn optimization rules, not just static models, to tackle Non-IID client data. To address this, we propose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Hong Chen , Pengcheng Wu , Yuanguo Lin , Peilin Zhao , Xiuze Zhou , Fan Lin , Han Yu

We study a new form of federated learning where the clients train personalized local models and make predictions jointly with the server-side shared model. Using this new federated learning framework, the complexity of the central shared…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-31 Alekh Agarwal , John Langford , Chen-Yu Wei

One of the most challenging issues in federated learning is that the data is often not independent and identically distributed (nonIID). Clients are expected to contribute the same type of data and drawn from one global distribution.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-08 Hung Nguyen , Peiyuan Wu , Morris Chang
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