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In this work, we propose to train a graph neural network via resampling from a graphon estimate obtained from the underlying network data. More specifically, the graphon or the link probability matrix of the underlying network is first…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Ziqing Hu , Yihao Fang , Lizhen Lin

Identifying networks with similar characteristics in a given ensemble, or detecting pattern discontinuities in a temporal sequence of networks, are two examples of tasks that require an effective metric capable of quantifying network…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-09-07 Carlo Piccardi

With the impressive growth of network models in practically every scientific and technological area, we are often faced with the need to compare graphs, i.e., to quantify their (dis)similarity using appropriate metrics. This is necessary,…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Carlo Piccardi

In this article, we revisit and expand our prior work on graph similarity. As with our earlier work, we focus on a view of similarity which does not require node correspondence between graphs under comparison. Our work is suited to the…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Pierre Miasnikof , Alexander Y. Shetopaloff

Testing the equality in distributions of multiple samples is a common task in many fields. However, this problem for high-dimensional or non-Euclidean data has not been well explored. In this paper, we propose new nonparametric tests based…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-05-30 Hoseung Song , Hao Chen

Network moments--rescaled counts of motifs such as stars and triangles--are fundamental summaries of network structure, widely used in goodness-of-fit testing, model selection, and network comparison. While the univariate distribution of a…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-14 Mingyu Qi , Chen-Wei Hua , Tianxi Li , Wen Zhou

Graph-based tests are a class of non-parametric two-sample tests useful for analyzing high-dimensional data. The test statistics are constructed from similarity graphs (such as K-minimum spanning tree), and consequently, their performance…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-23 Yichuan Bai , Lynna Chu

This paper studies causal inference with observational data from a single large network. We consider a nonparametric model with interference in both potential outcomes and selection into treatment. Specifically, both stages may be the…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-12-30 Michael P. Leung , Pantelis Loupos

In this paper, we propose new nonparametric approach to network inference that may be viewed as a fusion of block sampling procedures for temporally and spatially dependent processes with the classical network methodology. We develop…

While the celebrated graph neural networks yield effective representations for individual nodes of a graph, there has been relatively less success in extending to the task of graph similarity learning. Recent work on graph similarity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-20 Xiang Ling , Lingfei Wu , Saizhuo Wang , Tengfei Ma , Fangli Xu , Alex X. Liu , Chunming Wu , Shouling Ji

Graphical models have been popularly used for capturing conditional independence structure in multivariate data, which are often built upon independent and identically distributed observations, limiting their applicability to complex…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-03 Yuwen Wang , Changyu Liu , Xin He , Junhui Wang

Network complexity has been studied for over half a century and has found a wide range of applications. Many methods have been developed to characterize and estimate the complexity of networks. However, there has been little research with…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-01-13 Yann Issartel

Graphs are ubiquitous in modelling relational structures. Recent endeavours in machine learning for graph-structured data have led to many architectures and learning algorithms. However, the graph used by these algorithms is often…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-06-25 Soumyasundar Pal , Saber Malekmohammadi , Florence Regol , Yingxue Zhang , Yishi Xu , Mark Coates

Markov networks are frequently used in sciences to represent conditional independence relationships underlying observed variables arising from a complex system. It is often of interest to understand how an underlying network differs between…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-04-26 Byol Kim , Song Liu , Mladen Kolar

Non-parametric approaches for analyzing network data based on exchangeable graph models (ExGM) have recently gained interest. The key object that defines an ExGM is often referred to as a graphon. This non-parametric perspective on network…

Methodology · Statistics 2013-11-14 Edoardo M Airoldi , Thiago B Costa , Stanley H Chan

A wide range of tasks in network analysis, such as clustering network populations or identifying anomalies in temporal graph streams, require a measure of the similarity between two graphs. To provide a meaningful data summary for…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-10-15 Helcio Felippe , Federico Battiston , Alec Kirkley

When re-structuring patient cohorts into so-called population graphs, initially independent data points can be incorporated into one interconnected graph structure. This population graph can then be used for medical downstream tasks using…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Tamara T. Mueller , Sophie Starck , Leonhard F. Feiner , Kyriaki-Margarita Bintsi , Daniel Rueckert , Georgios Kaissis

Graph (or network) is a mathematical structure that has been widely used to model relational data. As real-world systems get more complex, multilayer (or multiple) networks are employed to represent diverse patterns of relationships among…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-06-10 Mingao Yuan , Qianqian Yao

Linear regression on network-linked observations has been an essential tool in modeling the relationship between response and covariates with additional network structures. Previous methods either lack inference tools or rely on restrictive…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-08-22 Can M. Le , Tianxi Li

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have become powerful tools for processing graph-based information in various domains. A desirable property of GNNs is transferability, where a trained network can swap in information from a different graph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-24 A. Martina Neuman , Jason J. Bramburger