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Fault tolerance is a prerequisite for scalable quantum computing. Architectures based on 2D topological codes are effective for near-term implementations of fault tolerance. To obtain high performance with these architectures, we require a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-23 Ben Criger , Imran Ashraf

The minimum weight matching (MWM) and maximum likelihood decoding (MLD) are two widely used and distinct decoding strategies for quantum error correction. For a given syndrome, the MWM decoder finds the most probable physical error…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-29 Mao Lin

We introduce harmonization, an ensembling method that combines several "noisy" decoders to generate highly accurate decoding predictions. Harmonized ensembles of MWPM-based decoders achieve lower logical error rates than their individual…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-18 Noah Shutty , Michael Newman , Benjamin Villalonga

Quantum computers are highly vulnerable to noise, necessitating the use of error-correcting codes to protect stored data. Errors must be continuously corrected over time to counteract decoherence using appropriate decoders. Therefore, fast…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-03 Diego Forlivesi , Lorenzo Valentini , Marco Chiani

Topological quantum error correction codes have high thresholds and are well suited to physical implementation. The minimum weight perfect matching algorithm can be used to efficiently handle errors in such codes. We perform a timing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-20 Austin G. Fowler , Adam C. Whiteside , Lloyd C. L. Hollenberg

Low-depth random circuit codes possess many desirable properties for quantum error correction but have so far only been analyzed in the code capacity setting where it is assumed that encoding gates and syndrome measurements are noiseless.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-01 Jon Nelson , Gregory Bentsen , Steven T. Flammia , Michael J. Gullans

Max-product Belief Propagation (BP) is a popular message-passing algorithm for computing a Maximum-A-Posteriori (MAP) assignment over a distribution represented by a Graphical Model (GM). It has been shown that BP can solve a number of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-09-24 Sungsoo Ahn , Sejun Park , Michael Chertkov , Jinwoo Shin

The scalability and interpretability of message-passing (MP) decoding, such as (quaternary) Belief Propagation, remain open challenges in quantum error correction. Even for surface codes, arguably the first testbed for decoding methods,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-26 Boqing Zhang , Henry D. Pfister , Hanwen Yao , Siyuan Niu

In this paper, we studied the problem of beam alignment for millimeter wave (mmWave) communications, in which we assume a hybrid analog and digital beamforming structure is employed at the transmitter (i.e. base station), and an…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Xingjian Li , Jun Fang , Huiping Duan , Zhi Chen , Hongbin Li

Quantum errors are primarily detected and corrected using the measurement of syndrome information which itself is an unreliable step in practical error correction implementations. Typically, such faulty or noisy syndrome measurements are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-06 Nithin Raveendran , Narayanan Rengaswamy , Asit Kumar Pradhan , Bane Vasić

Integer least-squares problems, concerned with solving a system of equations where the components of the unknown vector are integer-valued, arise in a wide range of applications. In many scenarios the unknown vector is sparse, i.e., a large…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-06-18 Somsubhra Barik , Haris Vikalo

Sparse tensors are the most used representation of sparse multidimensional data. Operations that decompose them, selecting their most important features while reducing their dimension, have become prevalent procedures in machine learning.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Daniel Pacheco , Leonel Sousa , Aleksandar Ilic

Matching algorithms can be used for identifying errors in quantum systems, being the most famous the Blossom algorithm. Recent works have shown that small distance quantum error correction codes can be efficiently decoded by employing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-27 Savvas Varsamopoulos , Koen Bertels , Carmen G. Almudever

Decoders that provide an estimate of the probability of a logical failure conditioned on the error syndrome ("soft-output decoders") can reduce the overhead cost of fault-tolerant quantum memory and computation. In this work, we construct…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-04 Nadine Meister , Christopher A. Pattison , John Preskill

Recent experimental advances have made it possible to implement logical multi-qubit transversal gates on surface codes in a multitude of platforms. A transversal controlled-NOT (tCNOT) gate on two surface codes introduces correlated errors…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-02 Kaavya Sahay , Yingjia Lin , Shilin Huang , Kenneth R. Brown , Shruti Puri

In 2020, Peter Larsen reported flaws in the methods for centrosymmetry parameter computation in the existing molecular dynamics and analysis packages. He proposed an intuitive an mathematically rigorous formulation for centrosymmetry…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-05-22 Vasily V. Pisarev

Quantum error correction, which utilizes logical qubits that are encoded as redundant multiple physical qubits to find and correct errors in physical qubits, is indispensable for practical quantum computing. Surface code is considered to be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Hoshitaro Ohnishi , Hideo Mukai

The typical model for measurement noise in quantum error correction is to randomly flip the binary measurement outcome. In experiments, measurements yield much richer information - e.g., continuous current values, discrete photon counts -…

Quantum error correction is necessary to perform large-scale quantum computations in the presence of noise and decoherence. As a result, several aspects of quantum error correction have already been explored. These have been primarily…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-05 Ariel Shlosberg , Anthony M. Polloreno , Graeme Smith

Noise in quantum computing is countered with quantum error correction. Achieving optimal performance will require tailoring codes and decoding algorithms to account for features of realistic noise, such as the common situation where the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-02 David K. Tuckett , Stephen D. Bartlett , Steven T. Flammia , Benjamin J. Brown