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We study algorithmic complexity and expressive power of fusion grammars, a novel formalism introduced in [Kreowski, Kuske, and Lye 2017], which extends hyperedge replacement grammars. In the first part of the work, we prove that the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Tikhon Pshenitsyn

The Kleene star operator is an important pattern construct for representing a pattern that repeats multiple times. Due to its simplicity and usefulness, it is imported into various pattern-matching systems other than regular expressions.…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2018-09-11 Satoshi Egi

Large language models trained with reinforcement learning (RL) for mathematical reasoning face a fundamental challenge: on problems the model cannot solve at all - "cliff" prompts - the RL gradient vanishes entirely, preventing any learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Ken Ding

Constraint Logic Programming (CLP) and Hereditary Harrop formulas (HH) are two well known ways to enhance the expressivity of Horn clauses. In this paper, we present a novel combination of these two approaches. We show how to enrich the…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Javier Leach , Susana Nieva , Mario Rodriguez-Artalejo

We develop a nonstandard approach to exploring polynomials associated with peaks and runs of permutations. With the aid of a context-free grammar, or a set of substitution rules, one can perform a symbolic calculus, and the computation…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-02-02 William Y. C. Chen , Amy M. Fu

In this study, we develop an extended implicit moment method, namely, a coupled high-order low-order (HOLO) method and apply it to the electromagnetic Vlasov-Darwin model. The high-order (HO) system evolves particles in a manner that…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2025-08-13 Derek A. Kuldinow , William T. Taitano , Kentaro Hara

The Lambek calculus is a well-known logical formalism for modelling natural language syntax. The original calculus covered a substantial number of intricate natural language phenomena, but only those restricted to the context-free setting.…

Logic · Mathematics 2017-05-08 Max Kanovich , Stepan Kuznetsov , Andre Scedrov

Topological deep learning (TDL) is a rapidly growing field that seeks to leverage topological structure in data and facilitate learning from data supported on topological objects, ranging from molecules to 3D shapes. Most TDL architectures…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Yam Eitan , Yoav Gelberg , Guy Bar-Shalom , Fabrizio Frasca , Michael Bronstein , Haggai Maron

We study nonlinear connectives (exponentials) in the context of Type Logical Grammar (TLG). We devise four conservative extensions of the displacement calculus with brackets, DbC, DbCM, DbCb and DbCbMr which contain the universal and…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-06-12 Glyn Morrill , Oriol Valentín

We use exponential start time clustering to design faster and more work-efficient parallel graph algorithms involving distances. Previous algorithms usually rely on graph decomposition routines with strict restrictions on the diameters of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-06-25 Gary L. Miller , Richard Peng , Adrian Vladu , Shen Chen Xu

This paper is an exploration in a functional programming framework of {\em isomorphisms} between elementary data types (natural numbers, sets, multisets, finite functions, permutations binary decision diagrams, graphs, hypergraphs,…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2009-01-19 Paul Tarau

Higher-Order Fixpoint Logic (HFL) is a hybrid of the simply typed \lambda-calculus and the modal \lambda-calculus. This makes it a highly expressive temporal logic that is capable of expressing various interesting correctness properties of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-07-01 Roland Axelsson , Martin Lange , Rafal Somla

Weighted programs generalize probabilistic programs and offer a framework for specifying and encoding mathematical models by means of an algorithmic representation. Kleene algebra with tests is an algebraic formalism based on regular…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-03-02 Igor Sedlár

In this project, a rather complete proof-theoretical formalization of Lambek Calculus (non-associative with arbitrary extensions) has been ported from Coq proof assistent to HOL4 theorem prover, with some improvements and new theorems.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-05-23 Chun Tian

We extend the powerful Pullback-Pushout (PBPO) approach for graph rewriting with strong matching. Our approach, called PBPO+, allows more control over the embedding of the pattern in the host graph, which is important for a large class of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Roy Overbeek , Jörg Endrullis , Aloïs Rosset

We first propose algorithms for checking language equivalence of finite automata over a large alphabet. We use symbolic automata, where the transition function is compactly represented using a (multi-terminal) binary decision diagrams…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2014-07-14 Damien Pous

Handsome proof nets were introduced by Retor\'e as a syntax for multiplicative linear logic. These proof nets are defined by means of cographs (graphs representing formulas) equipped with a vertices partition satisfying simple topological…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-01-03 Matteo Acclavio

We extend the powerful Pullback-Pushout (PBPO) approach for graph rewriting with strong matching. Our approach, called \pbpostrong, exerts more control over the embedding of the pattern in the host graph, which is important for a large…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-06-28 Roy Overbeek , Jörg Endrullis , Aloïs Rosset

Traditional sentence embedding methods employ token-level contrastive learning on non-generative pre-trained models. Recently, there have emerged embedding methods based on generative large language models (LLMs). These methods either rely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Ziyang Chen , Zhenxuan Huang , Yile Wang , Weiqin Wang , Lu Yin , Hui Huang

Large language models (LLMs) have recently shown strong potential in modeling relational structures. However, existing approaches remain fundamentally graph-centric: they focus on processing pairwise graph structures into tokens that LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Mengqi Lei , Guohuan Xie , Shihui Ying , Shaoyi Du , Jun-Hai Yong , Siqi Li , Yue Gao