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A major problem of deep neural networks for image classification is their vulnerability to domain changes at test-time. Recent methods have proposed to address this problem with test-time training (TTT), where a two-branch model is trained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-21 David Osowiechi , Gustavo A. Vargas Hakim , Mehrdad Noori , Milad Cheraghalikhani , Ismail Ben Ayed , Christian Desrosiers

There still remains an extreme performance gap between Vision Transformers (ViTs) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) when training from scratch on small datasets, which is concluded to the lack of inductive bias. In this paper, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-02 Zhiying Lu , Hongtao Xie , Chuanbin Liu , Yongdong Zhang

Unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) aims to leverage the knowledge learned from labeled source domains to improve performance on the unlabeled target domains. While Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have been dominant in previous UDA…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Xiaowei Yu , Zhe Huang , Zao Zhang

Vision Transformers have emerged as powerful, scalable and versatile representation learners. To capture both global and local features, a learnable [CLS] class token is typically prepended to the input sequence of patch tokens. Despite…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Alexis Marouani , Oriane Siméoni , Hervé Jégou , Piotr Bojanowski , Huy V. Vo

We present a novel method that extends the self-attention mechanism of a vision transformer (ViT) for more accurate object detection across diverse datasets. ViTs show strong capability for image understanding tasks such as object…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Tan Nguyen , Coy D. Heldermon , Corey Toler-Franklin

Vision Transformers (ViTs) have achieved impressive results in computer vision by leveraging self-attention to model long-range dependencies. However, their emphasis on global context often comes at the expense of local feature extraction…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Puskal Khadka , Rodrigue Rizk , Longwei Wang , KC Santosh

Deep neural networks often suffer performance drops when test data distribution differs from training data. Domain Generalization (DG) aims to address this by focusing on domain-invariant features or augmenting data for greater diversity.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Nam Duong Tran , Nam Nguyen Phuong , Hieu H. Pham , Phi Le Nguyen , My T. Thai

While feature-based knowledge distillation has proven highly effective for compressing CNNs, these techniques unexpectedly fail when applied to Vision Transformers (ViTs), often performing worse than simple logit-based distillation. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Huiyuan Tian , Bonan Xu , Shijian Li

Traditional fault diagnosis methods using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) often struggle with capturing the temporal dynamics of vibration signals. To overcome this, the application of Transformer-based Vision Transformer (ViT) methods…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-03 Shouhua Zhang , Jiehan Zhou , Xue Ma , Susanna Pirttikangas , Chunsheng Yang

Improving the generalization ability of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) is critical for their practical uses, which has been a longstanding challenge. Some theoretical studies have uncovered that DNNs have preferences for some frequency…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Shiqi Lin , Zhizheng Zhang , Zhipeng Huang , Yan Lu , Cuiling Lan , Peng Chu , Quanzeng You , Jiang Wang , Zicheng Liu , Amey Parulkar , Viraj Navkal , Zhibo Chen

Transformers, a groundbreaking architecture proposed for Natural Language Processing (NLP), have also achieved remarkable success in Computer Vision. A cornerstone of their success lies in the attention mechanism, which models relationships…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Jaihyun Lew , Soohyuk Jang , Jaehoon Lee , Seungryong Yoo , Eunji Kim , Saehyung Lee , Jisoo Mok , Siwon Kim , Sungroh Yoon

Vision Transformers (ViTs) have shown competitive accuracy in image classification tasks compared with CNNs. Yet, they generally require much more data for model pre-training. Most of recent works thus are dedicated to designing more…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Daquan Zhou , Yujun Shi , Bingyi Kang , Weihao Yu , Zihang Jiang , Yuan Li , Xiaojie Jin , Qibin Hou , Jiashi Feng

Active research is currently underway to enhance the efficiency of vision transformers (ViTs). Most studies have focused solely on effective token mixers, overlooking the potential relationship with normalization. To boost diverse feature…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Jongseong Bae , Susang Kim , Minsu Cho , Ha Young Kim

Value iteration networks (VINs) have been demonstrated to have a good generalization ability for reinforcement learning tasks across similar domains. However, based on our experiments, a policy learned by VINs still fail to generalize well…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-28 Junyi Shen , Hankz Hankui Zhuo , Jin Xu , Bin Zhong , Sinno Jialin Pan

Many image processing tasks involve image-to-image mapping, which can be addressed well by fully convolutional networks (FCN) without any heavy preprocessing. Although empirically designing and training FCNs can achieve satisfactory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-25 Jianjie Lu , Kai-yu Tong

Our review explores the comparative analysis between Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Vision Transformers (ViTs) in the domain of image classification, with a particular focus on clothing classification within the e-commerce sector.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Sonia Bbouzidi , Ghazala Hcini , Imen Jdey , Fadoua Drira

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) inherently encode strong inductive biases, enabling effective generalization on small-scale datasets. In this paper, we propose integrating this inductive bias into ViTs, not through an architectural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Jianqiao Zheng , Xueqian Li , Hemanth Saratchandran , Simon Lucey

Computer vision has flourished in recent years thanks to Deep Learning advancements, fast and scalable hardware solutions and large availability of structured image data. Convolutional Neural Networks trained on supervised tasks with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-23 Antono D'Innocente

Vision Transformer (ViT) has recently demonstrated promise in computer vision problems. However, unlike Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), it is known that the performance of ViT saturates quickly with depth increasing, due to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-14 Peihao Wang , Wenqing Zheng , Tianlong Chen , Zhangyang Wang

Though vision transformers (ViTs) have exhibited impressive ability for representation learning, we empirically find that they cannot generalize well to unseen domains with previous domain generalization algorithms. In this paper, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-19 Zangwei Zheng , Xiangyu Yue , Kai Wang , Yang You