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Proposed in 1984, quantum key distribution (QKD) allows two users to exchange provably secure keys via a potentially insecure quantum channel. Since then, QKD has attracted much attention and significant progress has been made in both…

We present a protocol for quantum key distribution using discrete modulation of coherent states of light. Information is encoded in the variable phase of coherent states which can be chosen from a regular discrete set ranging from binary to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Denis Sych , Gerd Leuchs

Reliable encoding of information in quantum systems is crucial to all approaches to quantum information processing or communication. This applies in particular to photons used in linear optics quantum computing (LOQC), which is scalable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-07-02 Peter B. R. Nisbet-Jones , Jerome Dilley , Annemarie Holleczek , Oliver Barter , Axel Kuhn

The decoy-state BB84 protocol for quantum key distribution (QKD) is used on Micius, the world's first satellite for quantum communications. The method of decoy states can detect photon-number-splitting eavesdropping and thus enables, in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-13 Alexander Miller

We demonstrate a high-dimensional mode-sorter for single photons based on a multi-output quantum pulse gate, which we can program to switch between different temporal-mode encodings including pulse modes, frequency bins, time bins, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-06 Laura Serino , Christof Eigner , Benjamin Brecht , Christine Silberhorn

Quantum cryptography or, more precisely, quantum key distribution (QKD), is one of the advanced areas in the field of quantum technologies. The confidentiality of keys distributed with the use of QKD protocols is guaranteed by the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-30 A. S. Trushechkin , E. O. Kiktenko , D. A. Kronberg , A. K. Fedorov

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) promises to revolutionize the field of security in communication, with applications ranging from state secrets to personal data, making it a key player in the ongoing battle against cyber threats.…

Using an aluminum gallium arsenide microring resonator, we demonstrate a bright quantum optical microcomb with $>300$ nm bandwidth and more than 20 sets of time-energy entangled modes, enabling spectral demultiplexing with simple,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-24 Trevor J. Steiner , Maximilian Shen , Joshua E. Castro , John E. Bowers , Galan Moody

Coherent control of ultrafast quantum phenomena benefits from pulse-shaping capabilities allowing to modulate the envelope and instantaneous phase of optical fields on femtosecond time scales. While such control is available for optical…

Optics · Physics 2026-02-05 Nelin Laštovičková Streshkova , Martin Kozák

Here, we present a proof-of-principle high-dimensional quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol utilizing the position and momentum entanglement of photon pairs. The protocol exploits the fact that position and momentum form mutually…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-09 Lukas Scarfe , Yingwen Zhang , Ebrahim Karimi

We demonstrate the underwater quantum key distribution (UWQKD) over a 10.4-meter Jerlov type III seawater channel by building a complete UWQKD system with all-optical transmission of quantum signals, synchronization signal and classical…

We propose a decoy-state method to overcome the photon-number-splitting attack for Bennett-Brassard 1984 quantum key distribution protocol in the presence of high loss: A legitimate user intentionally and randomly replaces signal pulses by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 W. -Y. Hwang

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a promising technology aiming at solving the security problem arising from the advent of quantum computers. While the main theoretical aspects are well developed today, limited performances, in terms of…

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) guarantees the security of communication with quantum physics. Most of widely adopted QKD protocols currently encode the key information with binary signal format---qubit, such as the polarization states.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-23 Fumin Wang , Pei Zeng , Xiaoli Wang , Hong Gao , Fuli Li , Pei Zhang

Photonic integrated circuits (PICs) provide a compact and stable platform for quantum photonics. Here we demonstrate a silicon photonics quantum key distribution (QKD) transmitter in the first high-speed polarization-based QKD field tests.…

Terrestrial free-space quantum key distribution is ideally suited for deployment in dense urban environments. The transition from laboratory to commercial deployment, however, raises a number of important engineering and deployment issues.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-24 Thomas Brougham , Daniel K. L. Oi

Quantum communication aims to provide absolutely secure transmission of secret information. State-of-the-art methods encode symbols into single photons or coherent light with much less than one photon on average. For long distance…

A real-time Quantum Key Distribution System is developed in this paper. In the system, based on the feature of Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), secure key extraction control and algorithm have been optimally designed to perform…

We report a fully fibered source emitting cross time-bin entangled photons at 1540 nm from type-II spontaneous parametric down conversion. Compared to standard time-bin entanglement realizations, the preparation interferometer requires no…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-20 A. Martin , F. Kaiser , A. Vernier , A. Beveratos , V. Scarani , S. Tanzilli

Decoy state protocols are a useful tool for many quantum key distribution systems implemented with weak coherent pulses, allowing significantly better secret bit rates and longer maximum distances. In this paper we present a method to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-01-23 Patrick Rice , Jim Harrington