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Automaton models are often seen as interpretable models. Interpretability itself is not well defined: it remains unclear what interpretability means without first explicitly specifying objectives or desired attributes. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-11-28 Christian Albert Hammerschmidt , Sicco Verwer , Qin Lin , Radu State

The goal of protein representation learning is to extract knowledge from protein databases that can be applied to various protein-related downstream tasks. Although protein sequence, structure, and function are the three key modalities for…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-05-14 Eunji Ko , Seul Lee , Minseon Kim , Dongki Kim

With the growing pervasiveness of artificial intelligence, the ability to explain the inferences made by machine learning models has become increasingly important. Numerous techniques for model explainability have been proposed, with…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Nicola Rossberg , Bennett Kleinberg , Barry O'Sullivan , Luca Longo , Andrea Visentin

Training in machine learning generally consists in finding one model, whose parameters minimize a data-dependent loss. Yet, empirical work shows that ensemble learning, an approach in which multiple models are sampled, can improve…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2026-04-28 Thomas Tulinski , Jorge Fernandez-De-Cossio-Diaz , Simona Cocco , Rémi Monasson

In this work we present a system based on a Deep Learning approach, by using a Convolutional Neural Network, capable of classifying protein chains of amino acids based on the protein description contained in the Protein Data Bank. Each…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-04 Damiano Perri , Marco Simonetti , Andrea Lombardi , Noelia Faginas-Lago , Osvaldo Gervasi

Protein dynamics underlie many biological functions, yet remain difficult to characterize due to the high computational cost of molecular dynamics simulations and the scarcity of dynamic structural data. This survey reviews recent advances…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2026-04-29 Haocheng Tang , Liang Shi , Ya-Shi Zhang , Xixian Liu , Jian Tang , Jiarui Lu

We present a geometrical analysis of the protrusion statistics of side chains in more than 4,000 high-resolution protein structures. We employ a coarse-grained representation of the protein backbone viewed as a linear chain of C{\alpha}…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-01-29 Tatjana Škrbić , Achille Giacometti , Trinh X. Hoang , Amos Maritan , Jayanth R. Banavar

The ability to explain decisions made by machine learning models remains one of the most significant hurdles towards widespread adoption of AI in highly sensitive areas such as medicine, cybersecurity or autonomous driving. Great interest…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Maximilian P Niroomand , David J Wales

Understanding why machine learning models behave the way they do empowers both system designers and end-users in many ways: in model selection, feature engineering, in order to trust and act upon the predictions, and in more intuitive user…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-06-20 Marco Tulio Ribeiro , Sameer Singh , Carlos Guestrin

The answers to many unsolved problems lie in the intractable chemical space of molecules and materials. Machine learning techniques are rapidly growing in popularity as a way to compress and explore chemical space efficiently. One of the…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2020-01-06 John E. Herr , Kevin Koh , Kun Yao , John Parkhill

The Automated Protein Structure Analysis (APSA) method is used for the classification of supersecondary structures. Basis for the classification is the encoding of three-dimensional (3D) residue conformations into a 16-letter code (3D-1D…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2008-11-24 Sushilee Ranganathan , Dmitry Izotov , Elfi Kraka , Dieter Cremer

Machine learning algorithms often assume that training samples are independent. When data points are connected by a network, the induced dependency between samples is both a challenge, reducing effective sample size, and an opportunity to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-22 Tiffany M. Tang , Elizaveta Levina , Ji Zhu

As artificial intelligence is increasingly affecting all parts of society and life, there is growing recognition that human interpretability of machine learning models is important. It is often argued that accuracy or other similar…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-06-27 Kush R. Varshney , Prashant Khanduri , Pranay Sharma , Shan Zhang , Pramod K. Varshney

Application of interpretable machine learning techniques on medical datasets facilitate early and fast diagnoses, along with getting deeper insight into the data. Furthermore, the transparency of these models increase trust among…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Sreejita Ghosh , Elizabeth S. Baranowski , Michael Biehl , Wiebke Arlt , Peter Tino , Kerstin Bunte

Interpretability of deep learning is widely used to evaluate the reliability of medical imaging models and reduce the risks of inaccurate patient recommendations. For models exceeding human performance, e.g. predicting RNA structure from…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2022-08-31 Mara Graziani , Niccolò Marini , Nicolas Deutschmann , Nikita Janakarajan , Henning Müller , María Rodríguez Martínez

Protein language models (PLMs) have demonstrated remarkable success in protein modeling and design, yet their internal mechanisms for predicting structure and function remain poorly understood. Here we present a systematic approach to…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-12-18 Elana Simon , James Zou

Understanding the relationship between antibody sequence, structure and function is essential for the design of antibody-based therapeutics and research tools. Recently, machine learning (ML) models mostly based on the application of large…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-10-29 Kevin Michalewicz , Mauricio Barahona , Barbara Bravi

The importance of explainability in machine learning continues to grow, as both neural-network architectures and the data they model become increasingly complex. Unique challenges arise when a model's input features become high dimensional:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Damien de Mijolla , Christopher Frye , Markus Kunesch , John Mansir , Ilya Feige

In modern business processes, the amount of data collected has increased substantially in recent years. Because this data can potentially yield valuable insights, automated knowledge extraction based on process mining has been proposed,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-02 Riza Velioglu , Jan Philip Göpfert , André Artelt , Barbara Hammer

Interpretability of machine learning models is critical for data-driven precision medicine efforts. However, highly predictive models are generally complex and are difficult to interpret. Here using Model-Agnostic Explanations algorithm, we…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2016-10-31 Gajendra Jung Katuwal , Robert Chen