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Recent large language models (LLM) are leveraging human feedback to improve their generation quality. However, human feedback is costly to obtain, especially during inference. In this work, we propose LLMRefine, an inference time…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Wenda Xu , Daniel Deutsch , Mara Finkelstein , Juraj Juraska , Biao Zhang , Zhongtao Liu , William Yang Wang , Lei Li , Markus Freitag

Prompting large language models (LLMs) to evaluate generated text, known as LLM-as-a-judge, has become a standard evaluation approach in natural language generation (NLG), but is primarily used as a quantitative tool, i.e. with numerical…

Software documentation is essential for program comprehension, developer onboarding, code review, and long-term maintenance. Yet producing quality documentation manually is time-consuming and frequently yields incomplete or inconsistent…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Afia Farjana , Zaiyu Cheng , Antonio Mastropaolo

Large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT are increasingly used in academic writing, yet issues such as incorrect or fabricated references raise ethical concerns. Moreover, current content quality evaluations often rely on subjective human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Jing Ren , Weiqi Wang

LLMs (Large Language Models) are increasingly used in text processing pipelines to intelligently respond to a variety of inputs and generation tasks. This raises the possibility of replacing human roles that bottleneck existing information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Kester Clegg , Richard Hawkins , Ibrahim Habli , Tom Lawton

With the recent undeniable advancement in reasoning abilities in large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT and GPT-4, there is a growing trend for using LLMs on various tasks. One area where LLMs can be employed is as an alternative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Chenhui Shen , Liying Cheng , Xuan-Phi Nguyen , Yang You , Lidong Bing

Evaluating multi-document summarization (MDS) quality is difficult. This is especially true in the case of MDS for biomedical literature reviews, where models must synthesize contradicting evidence reported across different documents. Prior…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Lucy Lu Wang , Yulia Otmakhova , Jay DeYoung , Thinh Hung Truong , Bailey E. Kuehl , Erin Bransom , Byron C. Wallace

Accurately evaluating machine-translated text remains a long-standing challenge, particularly for long documents. Recent work has shown that large language models (LLMs) can serve as reliable and interpretable sentence-level translation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Tobias Domhan , Dawei Zhu

Meeting summarization has become a critical task since digital encounters have become a common practice. Large language models (LLMs) show great potential in summarization, offering enhanced coherence and context understanding compared to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Frederic Kirstein , Terry Ruas , Bela Gipp

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently gained significant attention due to their remarkable capabilities in performing diverse tasks across various domains. However, a thorough evaluation of these models is crucial before deploying them…

Textual data annotation, the process of labeling or tagging text with relevant information, is typically costly, time-consuming, and labor-intensive. While large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated their potential as direct…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Yu-Min Tseng , Wei-Lin Chen , Chung-Chi Chen , Hsin-Hsi Chen

Language Models (LMs) have revolutionized natural language processing, enabling high-quality text generation through prompting and in-context learning. However, models often struggle with long-context summarization due to positional biases,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Neelabh Sinha

Automated lay summarisation (LS) aims to simplify complex technical documents into a more accessible format to non-experts. Existing approaches using pre-trained language models, possibly augmented with external background knowledge, tend…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Zheheng Luo , Qianqian Xie , Sophia Ananiadou

Despite the utility of Large Language Models (LLMs) across a wide range of tasks and scenarios, developing a method for reliably evaluating LLMs across varied contexts continues to be challenging. Modern evaluation approaches often use LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Steffi Chern , Ethan Chern , Graham Neubig , Pengfei Liu

Despite the successes of language models, their evaluation remains a daunting challenge for new and existing tasks. We consider the task of text simplification, commonly used to improve information accessibility, where evaluation faces two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Joseph Liu , Yoonsoo Nam , Xinyue Cui , Swabha Swayamdipta

As intelligent systems become more autonomous, the scientific community focuses on creating decision-making mechanisms that include ethical and moral considerations, unlike traditional utility-maximisation models. To achieve this, a key…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Eduardo de la Cruz Fernández , Marcelo Karanik , Sascha Ossowski

With generative artificial intelligence (AI), particularly large language models (LLMs), continuing to make inroads in healthcare, it is critical to supplement traditional automated evaluations with human evaluations. Understanding and…

Summarizing clinical text is crucial in health decision-support and clinical research. Large language models (LLMs) have shown the potential to generate accurate clinical text summaries, but still struggle with issues regarding grounding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Zelalem Gero , Chandan Singh , Yiqing Xie , Sheng Zhang , Praveen Subramanian , Paul Vozila , Tristan Naumann , Jianfeng Gao , Hoifung Poon

With an increasing number of parameters and pre-training data, generative large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities to solve tasks with minimal or no task-related examples. Notably, LLMs have been successfully employed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Christoph Leiter , Juri Opitz , Daniel Deutsch , Yang Gao , Rotem Dror , Steffen Eger

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized NLP research. Notably, in-context learning enables their use as evaluation metrics for natural language generation, making them particularly advantageous in low-resource scenarios and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Christoph Leiter , Steffen Eger
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