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Spin glasses featured by frustrated interactions and metastable states have important applications in chemistry, material sciences and artificial neural networks. However, the solution of the spin glass models is hindered by the…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2023-10-24 Weiru Fan , Yuxuan Sun , Xingqi Xu , Da-Wei Wang , Shi-Yao Zhu , Hai-Qing Lin

Combinatorial optimization problems are ubiquitous in industrial applications. However, finding optimal or close-to-optimal solutions can often be extremely hard. Because some of these problems can be mapped to the ground-state search of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-04 Junpeng Hou , Amin Barzegar , Helmut G. Katzgraber

The need for solving optimization problems is prevalent in a wide range of physical applications, including neuroscience, network design, biological systems, socio-economics, and chemical reactions. Many of these are classified as…

This paper proposes a novel optimization framework for discrete phase shifts of a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) using a coherent Ising machine (CIM). Unlike conventional methods based on iterative convex approximation or…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Yuto Hama , Daisuke Kitayama , Kensuke Inaba , Toshimori Honjo , Hiroki Takesue , Naoki Ishikawa , Hiroyuki Takahashi

Optical simulators for the Ising model have demonstrated great promise for solving challenging problems in physics and beyond. Here, we develop a spatial optical simulator for a variety of classical statistical systems, including the clock,…

Optics · Physics 2024-12-19 Song-Tao Yu , Ming-Gen He , Sheng Fang , Youjin Deng , Zhen-Sheng Yuan

Many tasks in our modern life, such as planning an efficient travel, image processing and optimizing integrated circuit design, are modeled as complex combinatorial optimization problems with binary variables. Such problems can be mapped to…

To tackle challenging combinatorial optimization problems, analog computing machines based on the nature-inspired Ising model are attracting increasing attentions in order to disruptively overcome the impending limitations on conventional…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Xin Ye , Wenjia Zhang , Shaomeng Wang , Xiaoxuan Yang , Zuyuan He

Ising Machines are emerging hardware architectures that efficiently solve NP-Hard combinatorial optimization problems. Generally, combinatorial problems are transformed into quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) form, but this…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Chirag Garg , Sayeef Salahuddin

The general-purpose programmable photonic processors offer a scalable and reconfigurable solution for a wide range of RF and optical applications. Therefore, implementing photonic Ising machines using programmable processors leverages the…

Coherent Ising Machines (CIMs) have emerged as a hybrid form of quantum computing devices designed to solve NP-complete problems, offering an exciting opportunity for discovering optimal solutions. Despite challenges such as susceptibility…

On-chip analog Ising Machines (IMs) are a promising means to solve difficult combinatorial optimization problems. For scalable on-chip realizations to be practical, 1) the problem should map scalably to Ising form, 2) interconnectivity…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Thomas Jagielski , Rajit Manohar , Jaijeet Roychowdhury

A non-equilibrium open-dissipative neural network, such as a coherent Ising machine based on mutually coupled optical parametric oscillators, has been proposed and demonstrated as a novel computing machine for hard combinatorial…

Combinatorial optimization has wide applications from industry to natural science. Ising machines bring an emerging computing paradigm for efficiently solving a combinatorial optimization problem by searching a ground state of a given Ising…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-07-16 Kentaro Ohno , Tatsuhiko Shirai , Nozomu Togawa

Finding the ground states of the Ising Hamiltonian [1] maps to various combinatorial optimization problems in biology, medicine, wireless communications, artificial intelligence, and social network. So far no efficient classical and quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-10-30 Alireza Marandi , Zhe Wang , Kenta Takata , Robert L. Byer , Yoshihisa Yamamoto

Conventional computing architectures have no known efficient algorithms for combinatorial optimization tasks, which are encountered in fundamental areas and real-world practical problems including logistics, social networks, and…

The commercial and industrial demand for the solution of hard combinatorial optimization problems push forward the development of efficient solvers. One of them is the Ising machine which can solve combinatorial problems mapped to Ising…

Optical computing often employs tailor-made hardware to implement specific algorithms, trading generality for improved performance in key aspects like speed and power efficiency. An important computing approach that is still missing its…

Photonic computing promises energy-efficient acceleration for optimization and learning, yet discrete combinatorial search and continuous function approximation have largely required distinct devices and control stacks. Here we unify…

Optics · Physics 2025-09-03 Nikita Stroev , Natalia G. Berloff

Analog computing using bosonic computational states is a leading approach to surpassing the computational speed and energy limitations of von Neumann architectures. But the challenges of manufacturing large-scale photonic integrated…

Optics · Physics 2025-07-22 Farhad Khosravi , Martin Perreault , Artur Scherer , Pooya Ronagh

The mining in physics and biology for accelerating the hardcore algorithm to solve non-deterministic polynomial (NP) hard problems has inspired a great amount of special-purpose ma-chine models. Ising machine has become an efficient solver…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2022-04-06 Wenchen Sun , Wenjia Zhang , Yuanyuan Liu , Qingwen Liu , Zuyuan He