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We study multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) for tasks in complex high-dimensional environments, such as autonomous driving. MARL is known to suffer from the \textit{partial observability} and \textit{non-stationarity} issues. To…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Hang Wang , Dechen Gao , Junshan Zhang

Autonomous driving promises to transform road transport. Multi-vehicle and multi-lane scenarios, however, present unique challenges due to constrained navigation and unpredictable vehicle interactions. Learning-based methods---such as deep…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-02-12 Rupert Mitchell , Jenny Fletcher , Jacopo Panerati , Amanda Prorok

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have demonstrated potential in autonomous driving. However, two critical challenges hinder their development: (1) Existing VLA architectures are typically based on imitation learning in open-loop setup…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Anqing Jiang , Yu Gao , Yiru Wang , Zhigang Sun , Shuo Wang , Yuwen Heng , Hao Sun , Shichen Tang , Lijuan Zhu , Jinhao Chai , Jijun Wang , Zichong Gu , Hao Jiang , Li Sun

Pretraining reinforcement learning (RL) models on offline datasets is a promising way to improve their training efficiency in online tasks, but challenging due to the inherent mismatch in dynamics and behaviors across various tasks. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Minting Pan , Yitao Zheng , Yunbo Wang , Xiaokang Yang

As learning-based robotic controllers are typically trained offline and deployed with fixed parameters, their ability to cope with unforeseen changes during operation is limited. Biologically inspired, this work presents a framework for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Fabian Domberg , Georg Schildbach

Observational learning requires an agent to learn to perform a task by referencing only observations of the performed task. This work investigates the equivalent setting in real-world robot learning where access to hand-designed rewards and…

Reinforcement learning (RL) promises to unlock capabilities beyond imitation learning for Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models, but its requirement for massive real-world interaction prevents direct deployment on physical robots. Recent work…

Training visual reinforcement learning agents in a high-dimensional open world presents significant challenges. While various model-based methods have improved sample efficiency by learning interactive world models, these agents tend to be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Jiajian Li , Qi Wang , Yunbo Wang , Xin Jin , Yang Li , Wenjun Zeng , Xiaokang Yang

An accurate model of the environment and the dynamic agents acting in it offers great potential for improving motion planning. We present MILE: a Model-based Imitation LEarning approach to jointly learn a model of the world and a policy for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-04 Anthony Hu , Gianluca Corrado , Nicolas Griffiths , Zak Murez , Corina Gurau , Hudson Yeo , Alex Kendall , Roberto Cipolla , Jamie Shotton

Learned dynamics models combined with both planning and policy learning algorithms have shown promise in enabling artificial agents to learn to perform many diverse tasks with limited supervision. However, one of the fundamental challenges…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-12 Suraj Nair , Silvio Savarese , Chelsea Finn

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) offers a powerful paradigm for data-driven control. Compared to model-free approaches, offline model-based RL (MBRL) explicitly learns a world model from a static dataset and uses it as a surrogate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Jiayu Chen , Le Xu , Aravind Venugopal , Jeff Schneider

We consider model-based reinforcement learning (MBRL) in 2-agent, high-fidelity continuous control problems -- an important domain for robots interacting with other agents in the same workspace. For non-trivial dynamical systems, MBRL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-04 Orr Krupnik , Igor Mordatch , Aviv Tamar

Most recent successes in robot reinforcement learning involve learning a specialized single-task agent. However, robots capable of performing multiple tasks can be much more valuable in real-world applications. Multi-task reinforcement…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Elie Aljalbout , Nikolaos Sotirakis , Patrick van der Smagt , Maximilian Karl , Nutan Chen

Model-Based Reinforcement Learning involves learning a \textit{dynamics model} from data, and then using this model to optimise behaviour, most often with an online \textit{planner}. Much of the recent research along these lines presents a…

Reinforcement learning has emerged as a promising methodology for training robot controllers. However, most results have been limited to simulation due to the need for a large number of samples and the lack of automated-yet-safe data…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-03-29 Kendall Lowrey , Svetoslav Kolev , Jeremy Dao , Aravind Rajeswaran , Emanuel Todorov

In the era of Industry 4.0 and smart manufacturing, process systems engineering must adapt to digital transformation. While reinforcement learning offers a model-free approach to process control, its applications are limited by the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-28 Runze Lin , Junghui Chen , Biao Huang , Lei Xie , Hongye Su

End-to-end autonomous driving models based on Vision-Language-Action (VLA) architectures have shown promising results by learning driving policies through behavior cloning on expert demonstrations. However, imitation learning inherently…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Zihao Sheng , Xin Ye , Jingru Luo , Sikai Chen , Liu Ren

Recently, model-based agents have achieved better performance than model-free ones using the same computational budget and training time in single-agent environments. However, due to the complexity of multi-agent systems, it is tough to…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-12-08 Zhiwei Xu , Dapeng Li , Bin Zhang , Yuan Zhan , Yunpeng Bai , Guoliang Fan

Imitation Learning (IL) is an appealing approach to learn desirable autonomous behavior. However, directing IL to achieve arbitrary goals is difficult. In contrast, planning-based algorithms use dynamics models and reward functions to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-02 Nicholas Rhinehart , Rowan McAllister , Sergey Levine

Autonomous driving involves complex decision-making in highly interactive environments, requiring thoughtful negotiation with other traffic participants. While reinforcement learning provides a way to learn such interaction behavior,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Raphael Trumpp , Martin Büchner , Abhinav Valada , Marco Caccamo