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Identifying the host galaxies of fast radio bursts (FRBs), and comparing their redshifts and dispersion measures, has unlocked a new probe of the cosmological distribution of ionised gas. However the necessary optical observations to…

Two planetary mass objects in the far outer Solar System --- collectively referred to here as Planet X --- have recently been hypothesized to explain the orbital distribution of distant Kuiper Belt Objects. Neither planet is thought to be…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-06-14 David E. Trilling , Eric C. Bellm , Renu Malhotra

The determination of the full population of Resident Space Objects (RSOs) in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) is a key issue in the field of space situational awareness that will only increase in importance in the coming years. We endeavour to…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-08-12 Benjamin F. Cooke , James A. Blake , Paul Chote , James McCormac , Don Pollacco

We introduce Constellation, a dataset of 13K images suitable for research on detection of objects in dense urban streetscapes observed from high-elevation cameras, collected for a variety of temporal conditions. The dataset addresses the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Mehmet Kerem Turkcan , Sanjeev Narasimhan , Chengbo Zang , Gyung Hyun Je , Bo Yu , Mahshid Ghasemi , Javad Ghaderi , Gil Zussman , Zoran Kostic

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has the potential to enhance our understanding of near-Earth objects (NEOs). We present results of investigations into the observability of NEOs given the nominal observing requirements of JWST on…

I show that a dedicated space telescope with a meter-size aperture can detect numerous interstellar objects, 10-m in diameter, that pass within ~20 degrees from the Sun. Separating the emitted thermal radiation from the reflection of…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-02-13 Abraham Loeb

Due to their short timescale, stellar flares are a challenging target for the most modern synoptic sky surveys. The upcoming Vera C. Rubin Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST), a project designed to collect more data than any precursor…

The Vera C. Rubin Observatory's 10-Year Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) is expected to produce a hundredfold increase in the number of transients we observe. However, there are insufficient spectroscopic resources to follow up on all…

The Vera C. Rubin Observatory's Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) promises to drastically accelerate the discovery of ultracool dwarfs (UCDs) over the course of its 10-year survey of the Southern Hemisphere. With the official start of…

The Legacy Survey of Space and Time, operated by the Vera C. Rubin Observatory, is a 10-year astronomical survey due to start operations in 2022 that will image half the sky every three nights. LSST will produce ~20TB of raw data per night…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-11-13 Dino Bektesevic , Hsin-Fang Chiang , Kian-Tat Lim , Todd L. Miller , Greg Thain , Tim Jenness , James Bosch , Andrei Salnikov , Andrew Connolly

The NSF-DOE Vera C. Rubin Observatory's Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST), beginning full operations in late 2025, will dramatically transform solar system science by vastly expanding discoveries and providing detailed characterization…

Existing and future wide-field photometric surveys will produce a time-lapse movie of the sky that will revolutionize our census of variable and moving astronomical and atmospheric phenomena. As with any revolution in scientific measurement…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2013-04-01 James R. A. Davenport

Existing and planned optical telescopes and surveys can detect artificially-illuminated objects comparable in total brightness to a major terrestrial city out to the outskirts of the Solar System. Orbital parameters of Kuiper belt objects…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-03 Abraham Loeb , Edwin L. Turner

Observational identification of the first stars is one of the great challenges in the modern astronomy. Although a single first star is too faint to be detected, supernova explosions of the first stars can be bright enough. An important…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-16 Masaomi Tanaka , Takashi J. Moriya , Naoki Yoshida

Orbital debris presents a growing risk to space operations, and is becoming a significant source of contamination of astronomical images. Much of the debris population is uncatalogued, making the impact more difficult to assess. We present…

Stellar occultations have been used to search for Kuiper Belt and Oort Cloud objects. We propose a search for interstellar objects based on the characteristic durations ($\sim 0.1 \mathrm{s}$) of their stellar occultation signals and high…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-03-04 Amir Siraj , Abraham Loeb

Upcoming deep optical surveys, such as the Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST), will scan the sky to unprecedented depths, detecting billions of galaxies. However, this amount of detections will lead to the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-12-04 Manon Ramel , Cyrille Doux , Marine Kuna

The Vera C. Rubin Observatory will conduct the Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST), promising to discover billions of galaxies out to redshift 7, using six photometric bands ($ugrizy$) spanning the near-ultraviolet to the near-infrared.…

More than 60 years have passed since the first formal suggestion to use strongly-lensed supernovae to measure the expansion rate of the Universe through time-delay cosmography. Yet, fewer than 10 such objects have ever been discovered. We…

The first supernovae will soon be visible at the edge of the observable universe, revealing the birthplaces of Population III stars. With upcoming near-infrared missions, a broad analysis of the detectability of high-$z$ supernovae is…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-10-16 R. S. de Souza , E. E. O. Ishida , D. J. Whalen , J. Johnson , A. Ferrara