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Operations in many essential industries including finance and banking are often characterized by the need to perform repetitive sequential tasks. Despite their criticality to the business, workflows are rarely fully automated or even…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Alberto Olmo , Sarath Sreedharan , Subbarao Kambhampati

Examples in web API specifications can be essential for API testing, API understanding, and even building chat-bots for APIs. Unfortunately, most API specifications lack human-written examples. This paper introduces a novel technique for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Kush Jain , Kiran Kate , Jason Tsay , Claire Le Goues , Martin Hirzel

As Large Language Models (LLMs) gain in popularity, it is important to understand how novice programmers use them. We present a thematic analysis of 33 learners, aged 10-17, independently learning Python through 45 code-authoring tasks…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Majeed Kazemitabaar , Xinying Hou , Austin Henley , Barbara J. Ericson , David Weintrop , Tovi Grossman

Deep learning models have been successfully applied to a variety of software engineering tasks, such as code classification, summarisation, and bug and vulnerability detection. In order to apply deep learning to these tasks, source code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-08-02 Fuwei Tian , Christoph Treude

The rise of large language models (LLMs) has introduced transformative potential in automated code generation, addressing a wide range of software engineering challenges. However, empirical evaluation of LLM-based code generation lacks…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Nathalia Nascimento , Everton Guimaraes , Paulo Alencar

Coding is a fundamental skill required in the engineering discipline, and much work exists exploring better ways of teaching coding in the higher education context. In particular, Code Snippets (CSs) are approved to be an effective way of…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Joshua Akingbade , Jianhua Yang , Mir Seyedebrahimi

Code search and comprehension have become more difficult in recent years due to the rapid expansion of available source code. Current tools lack a way to label arbitrary code at scale while maintaining up-to-date representations of new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-05 Ben Gelman , Bryan Hoyle , Jessica Moore , Joshua Saxe , David Slater

Maintaining consistency between code and documentation is a crucial yet frequently overlooked aspect of software development. Even minor mismatches can confuse API users, introduce new bugs, and increase overall maintenance effort. This…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Tobias Kiecker , Jan Arne Sparka , Martin Reuter , Albert Ziegler , Lars Grunske

Code generation refers to the automatic generation of source code based on a given programming specification, which has garnered significant attention particularly with the advancement of large language models (LLMs). However, due to the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Zhao Tian , Junjie Chen

This study presents a comprehensive empirical evaluation of six state-of-the-art large language models (LLMs) for code generation, including both general-purpose and code-specialized models. Using a dataset of 944 real-world LeetCode…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Le Zhang , Suresh Kothari

We propose a model to automatically describe changes introduced in the source code of a program using natural language. Our method receives as input a set of code commits, which contains both the modifications and message introduced by an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-04-18 Pablo Loyola , Edison Marrese-Taylor , Yutaka Matsuo

A great part of software development involves conceptualizing or communicating the underlying procedures and logic that needs to be expressed in programs. One major difficulty of programming is turning concept into code, especially when…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-09-23 Frank F. Xu , Bogdan Vasilescu , Graham Neubig

Synthetic data is a standard component in training large language models, yet systematic comparisons across design dimensions, including rephrasing strategy, generator model, and source data, remain absent. We conduct extensive controlled…

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved notable success in code generation. However, they still frequently produce uncompilable output because their next-token inference procedure does not model formal aspects of code. Although…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Niels Mündler , Jingxuan He , Hao Wang , Koushik Sen , Dawn Song , Martin Vechev

As the demand for computational power grows, optimizing code through compilers becomes increasingly crucial. In this context, we focus on fully automatic code optimization techniques that automate the process of selecting and applying code…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Yacine Hakimi , Riyadh Baghdadi

While code large language models have demonstrated remarkable progress in code generation, the generated code often exhibits poor runtime efficiency, limiting its practical application in performance-sensitive scenarios. To address this…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Yunlong Feng , Yang Xu , Xiao Xu , Binyuan Hui , Junyang Lin

Code generation aims to generate a code snippet automatically from natural language descriptions. Generally, the mainstream code generation methods rely on a large amount of paired training data, including both the natural language…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-08-24 Sijie Shen , Xiang Zhu , Yihong Dong , Qizhi Guo , Yankun Zhen , Ge Li

Source code summarization is a process of generating summaries that describe software code, the majority of source code summarization usually generated manually, where the summaries are written by software developers. Recently, new…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-01-07 Ra'Fat Al-Msie'deen , Anas H. Blasi

Since the introduction of Large Language Models (LLMs), they have been widely adopted for various tasks such as text summarization, question answering, speech-to-text translation, and more. In recent times, the use of LLMs for code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Krishna Vamshi Bodla , Haizhao Yang

Neural machine translation (NMT) methods developed for natural language processing have been shown to be highly successful in automating translation from one natural language to another. Recently, these NMT methods have been adapted to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Dharma KC , Clayton T. Morrison