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We describe Qiskit, a software development kit for quantum information science. We discuss the key design decisions that have shaped its development, and examine the software architecture and its core components. We demonstrate an…

We develop a linear logical framework within the Hybrid system and use it to reason about the type system of a quantum lambda calculus. In particular, we consider a practical version of the calculus called Proto-Quipper, which contains the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-12-11 Mohamed Yousri Mahmoud , Amy P. Felty

Quipper is a practical programming language for describing families of quantum circuits. In this paper, we formalize a small, but useful fragment of Quipper called Proto-Quipper-M. Unlike its parent Quipper, this language is type-safe and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-03-05 Francisco Rios , Peter Selinger

Quantum image representation (QIR) is a key challenge in quantum image processing (QIP) due to the large number of pixels in images, which increases the need for quantum gates and qubits. However, current quantum systems face limitations in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-24 Shahab Iranmanesh , Hossein Aghababa , Kazim Fouladi

Quantum error mitigation (QEM) is a class of promising techniques capable of reducing the computational error of variational quantum algorithms tailored for current noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers. The recently proposed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-17 Yifeng Xiong , Soon Xin Ng , Lajos Hanzo

The goal of the presented paper is to provide an introduction to the basic computational models used in quantum information theory. We review various models of quantum Turing machine, quantum circuits and quantum random access machine…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2011-12-06 J. A. Miszczak

Fault tolerance is a long-term objective driving many companies and research organizations to compete in making current, imperfect quantum computers useful - Quantum Utility (QU). It looks promising to achieve this by leveraging software…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-27 Markiian Tsymbalista , Ihor Katernyak

Quantum computing is fast evolving as a technology due to recent advances in hardware, software, as well as the development of promising applications. To use this technology for solving specific problems, a suitable quantum algorithm has to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-25 Nils Quetschlich , Lukas Burgholzer , Robert Wille

Quantum entanglement is so fundamentally different from a network packet that several quantum network stacks have been proposed; one of which has even been experimentally demonstrated. Several simulators have also been developed to make up…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Wojciech Kozlowski , Fernando A. Kuipers , Rob Smets , Belma Turkovic

Quantum machine learning (QML) leverages quantum states for data encoding, with key approaches being explicit models that use parameterized quantum circuits and implicit models that use quantum kernels. Implicit models often have lower…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-08 Akimoto Nakayama , Hayata Morisaki , Kosuke Mitarai , Hiroshi Ueda , Keisuke Fujii

Benefiting from cloud computing, today's early-stage quantum computers can be remotely accessed via the cloud services, known as Quantum-as-a-Service (QaaS). However, it poses a high risk of data leakage in quantum machine learning (QML).…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-23 Zhepeng Wang , Yi Sheng , Nirajan Koirala , Kanad Basu , Taeho Jung , Cheng-Chang Lu , Weiwen Jiang

Deep learning has become a promising programming paradigm in software development, owing to its surprising performance in solving many challenging tasks. Deep neural networks (DNNs) are increasingly being deployed in practice, but are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-22 Yedi Zhang , Zhe Zhao , Fu Song , Min Zhang , Taolue Chen , Jun Sun

High-performance numerical quantum compilers rely on classical optimization, but are limited by slow numerical evaluations and a design that makes extending them with new instructions a difficult, error-prone task for domain experts. This…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-21 Ed Younis

Developing intuition about quantum information theory problems is difficult, as is verifying or ruling-out of hypothesis. We present a Matlab package intended to provide the QIT community with a new and powerful tool-set for quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-08-06 Shai Machnes

Error-correcting codes were invented to correct errors on noisy communication channels. Quantum error correction (QEC), however, may have a wider range of uses, including information transmission, quantum simulation/computation, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-05 Ningping Cao , Junan Lin , David Kribs , Yiu-Tung Poon , Bei Zeng , Raymond Laflamme

We implement the first open-source quantum computing emulator that includes arithmetic operations, the quantum Fourier transform, and quantum phase estimation. The emulator provides significant savings in both temporal and spatial resources…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-30 Reece Robertson , Dan Ventura

Quantum circuit obfuscation is becoming increasingly important to prevent theft and reverse engineering of quantum algorithms. As quantum computing advances, the need to protect the intellectual property contained in quantum circuits…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Pradyun Parayil , Amal Raj , Vivek Balachandran

Quantum private information retrieval (QPIR) is a protocol in which a user retrieves one of multiple files from $\mathsf{n}$ non-communicating servers by downloading quantum systems without revealing which file is retrieved. As variants of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-23 Seunghoan Song , Masahito Hayashi

While not yet in commercial existence, quantum computers have the ability to solve certain classes of problems that are not efficiently solvable on existing Turing Machine based (classical) computers. For quantum computers to be of use,…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2009-11-13 Matt Purkeypile

This Master thesis examines issues of interoperability and integration between the Classic Information Science (CIS) and Quantum Information Science (QIS). It provides a short introduction to the Extensible Markup Language (XML) and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2011-06-15 Pascal Heus , Richard Gomez