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Multi-Task Learning (MTL) in Neural Combinatorial Optimization (NCO) is a promising approach to train a unified model capable of solving multiple Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) variants. However, existing Reinforcement Learning (RL)-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Yuepeng Zheng , Fu Luo , Zhenkun Wang , Yaoxin Wu , Yu Zhou

An ultimate objective in continual learning is to preserve knowledge learned in preceding tasks while learning new tasks. To mitigate forgetting prior knowledge, we propose a novel knowledge distillation technique that takes into the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Kaushik Roy , Christian Simon , Peyman Moghadam , Mehrtash Harandi

Deep neural networks often severely forget previously learned knowledge when learning new knowledge. Various continual learning (CL) methods have been proposed to handle such a catastrophic forgetting issue from different perspectives and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Chao Wu , Xiaobin Chang , Ruixuan Wang

Continual learning (CL) is a new online learning technique over sequentially generated streaming data from different tasks, aiming to maintain a small forgetting loss on previously-learned tasks. Existing work focuses on reducing the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Shugang Hao , Lingjie Duan

In-context learning (ICL) is a cornerstone of large language model (LLM) functionality, yet its theoretical foundations remain elusive due to the complexity of transformer architectures. In particular, most existing work only theoretically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Siyu Chen , Heejune Sheen , Tianhao Wang , Zhuoran Yang

Cognitive functions in current artificial intelligence networks are tied to the exponential increase in network scale, whereas the human brain can continuously learn hundreds of cognitive functions with remarkably low energy consumption.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Bing Han , Feifei Zhao , Yinqian Sun , Wenxuan Pan , Yi Zeng

While vision-and-language models significantly advance in many fields, the challenge of continual learning is unsolved. Parameter-efficient modules like adapters and prompts present a promising way to alleviate catastrophic forgetting.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Hong Li , Zhiquan Tan , Xingyu Li , Weiran Huang

In the past, continual learning (CL) was mostly concerned with the problem of catastrophic forgetting in neural networks, that arises when incrementally learning a sequence of tasks. Current CL methods function within the confines of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Shishir Muralidhara , Didier Stricker , René Schuster

This paper studies continual learning (CL) for sentiment classification (SC). In this setting, the CL system learns a sequence of SC tasks incrementally in a neural network, where each task builds a classifier to classify the sentiment of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Zixuan Ke , Bing Liu , Hao Wang , Lei Shu

Continual learning (CL) is a paradigm that aims to replicate the human ability to learn and accumulate knowledge continually without forgetting previous knowledge and transferring it to new tasks. Recent instruction tuning (IT) involves…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Zihan Zhang , Meng Fang , Ling Chen , Mohammad-Reza Namazi-Rad

Machine Learning models in real-world applications must continuously learn new tasks to adapt to shifts in the data-generating distribution. Yet, for Continual Learning (CL), models often struggle to balance learning new tasks (plasticity)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Luckeciano C. Melo , Alessandro Abate , Yarin Gal

Vision Language Models (VLMs), pre-trained on large-scale image-text datasets, enable zero-shot predictions for unseen data but may underperform on specific unseen tasks. Continual learning (CL) can help VLMs effectively adapt to new data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Hongsheng Zhang , Zhong Ji , Jingren Liu , Yanwei Pang , Jungong Han

Online Continual Learning (CL) solves the problem of learning the ever-emerging new classification tasks from a continuous data stream. Unlike its offline counterpart, in online CL, the training data can only be seen once. Most existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Maorong Wang , Nicolas Michel , Ling Xiao , Toshihiko Yamasaki

Multitask learning (MTL) has recently gained a lot of popularity as a learning paradigm that can lead to improved per-task performance while also using fewer per-task model parameters compared to single task learning. One of the biggest…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-27 Dimitrios Sinodinos , Narges Armanfard

Large Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are successful in addressing a multitude of vision-language understanding tasks, such as Visual Question Answering (VQA), but their memory and compute requirements remain a concern for practical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Nikolaos Gkalelis , Vasileios Mezaris

With the rapid development of deep learning (DL) in recent years, automatic modulation recognition (AMR) with DL has achieved high accuracy. However, insufficient training signal data in complicated channel environments and large-scale DL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-01 Dongbin Hou , Lixin Li , Wensheng Lin , Junli Liang , Zhu Han

Large language models (LLMs) can adapt to new tasks via in-context learning (ICL) without parameter updates, making them powerful learning engines for fast adaptation. While extensive research has examined ICL as a few-shot learner, whether…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Liuwang Kang , Fan Wang , Shaoshan Liu , Hung-Chyun Chou , Chuan Lin , Ning Ding

In Lifelong Learning (LL), agents continually learn as they encounter new conditions and tasks. Most current LL is limited to a single agent that learns tasks sequentially. Dedicated LL machinery is then deployed to mitigate the forgetting…

Conventional deep learning models have limited capacity in learning multiple tasks sequentially. The issue of forgetting the previously learned tasks in continual learning is known as catastrophic forgetting or interference. When the input…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-14 Honglin Li , Payam Barnaghi , Shirin Enshaeifar , Frieder Ganz

Though neural networks have achieved much progress in various applications, it is still highly challenging for them to learn from a continuous stream of tasks without forgetting. Continual learning, a new learning paradigm, aims to solve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-13 Ju Xu , Jin Ma , Zhanxing Zhu