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Quantum phase estimation (QPE) serves as a building block of many different quantum algorithms and finds important applications in computational chemistry problems. Despite the rapid development of quantum hardware, experimental…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-01 Kentaro Yamamoto , Samuel Duffield , Yuta Kikuchi , David Muñoz Ramo

We compare several quantum phase estimation (QPE) protocols intended for early fault-tolerant quantum computers (EFTQCs) in the context of models of their implementations on a surface code architecture. We estimate the logical and physical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-04 Jacob S. Nelson , Andrew D. Baczewski

Quantum simulation of molecular electronic structure is one of the most promising applications of quantum computing. However, achieving chemically accurate predictions for strongly correlated systems requires quantum phase estimation (QPE)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-31 Shota Kanasugi , Riki Toshio , Kazunori Maruyama , Hirotaka Oshima

Quantum phase estimation (QPE) plays a pivotal role in many quantum algorithms, offering provable speedups in applications such as Shor's factoring algorithm. While fault-tolerant quantum algorithms for combinatorial and Hamiltonian…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-17 Nora Bauer , George Siopsis

Quantum Phase Estimation (QPE) is a cornerstone algorithm for fault-tolerant quantum computation, especially for electronic structure calculations of chemical systems. To accommodate the diverse characteristics of quantum chemical systems,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-03 Calvin Ku , Yu-Cheng Chen , Alice Hu , Min-Hsiu Hsieh

The accumulation of noise in quantum computers is the dominant issue stymieing the push of quantum algorithms beyond their classical counterparts. We do not expect to be able to afford the overhead required for quantum error correction in…

As fully fault-tolerant quantum computers capable of solving useful problems remain a distant goal, we anticipate an era of "early fault tolerance" where limited error correction is available. We propose a framework for designing early…

Estimating observable expectation values in eigenstates of quantum systems has a broad range of applications and is an area where early fault-tolerant quantum computers may provide practical quantum advantage. We develop a hybrid…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-03 Bence Bakó , Tenzan Araki , Bálint Koczor

Measuring expectation values of observables is an essential ingredient in variational quantum algorithms. A practical obstacle is the necessity of a large number of measurements for statistical convergence to meet requirements of precision,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-07 Masaya Kohda , Ryosuke Imai , Keita Kanno , Kosuke Mitarai , Wataru Mizukami , Yuya O. Nakagawa

The problem of finding the ground state energy of a Hamiltonian using a quantum computer is currently solved using either the quantum phase estimation (QPE) or variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) algorithms. For precision $\epsilon$, QPE…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-16 Daochen Wang , Oscar Higgott , Stephen Brierley

A milestone in the field of quantum computing will be solving problems in quantum chemistry and materials faster than state-of-the-art classical methods. The current understanding is that achieving quantum advantage in this area will…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-08 Guoming Wang , Daniel Stilck França , Ruizhe Zhang , Shuchen Zhu , Peter D. Johnson

Under suitable assumptions, the quantum phase estimation (QPE) algorithm is able to achieve Heisenberg-limited precision scaling in estimating the ground state energy. However, QPE requires a large number of ancilla qubits and large circuit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-04 Lin Lin , Yu Tong

The number of measurements demanded by hybrid quantum-classical algorithms such as the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) is prohibitively high for many problems of practical value. For such problems, realizing quantum advantage will…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-24 Guoming Wang , Dax Enshan Koh , Peter D. Johnson , Yudong Cao

A major thrust in quantum algorithm development over the past decade has been the search for the quantum algorithms that will deliver practical quantum advantage first. Today's quantum computers - and even early fault-tolerant quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-22 Guoming Wang , Daniel Stilck França , Gumaro Rendon , Peter D. Johnson

VQE is currently one of the most widely used algorithms for optimizing problems using quantum computers. A necessary step in this algorithm is calculating the expectation value given a state, which is calculated by decomposing the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-17 Guillermo Alonso-Linaje , Parfait Atchade-Adelomou

The efficient computation of observables beyond the total energy is a key challenge and opportunity for fault-tolerant quantum computing approaches in quantum chemistry. Here we consider the symmetry-adapted perturbation theory (SAPT)…

We investigate the feasibility of early fault-tolerant quantum algorithms focusing on ground-state energy estimation problems. In particular, we examine the computation of the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the spectral measure…

In this review, we give an overview of the proposed applications in the early-FTQC (EFTQC) era. Starting from the error correction architecture for EFTQC device, we first review the recently developed space-time efficient analogue rotation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-13 Ming-Zhi Chung , Andreas Thomasen , Henry Liao , Ryosuke Imai

Quantum phase estimation (QPE) is a key quantum algorithm, which has been widely studied as a method to perform chemistry and solid-state calculations on future fault-tolerant quantum computers. Recently, several authors have proposed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-05 Nick S. Blunt , Laura Caune , Róbert Izsák , Earl T. Campbell , Nicole Holzmann

With gate error rates in multiple technologies now below the threshold required for fault-tolerant quantum computation, the major remaining obstacle to useful quantum computation is scaling, a challenge greatly amplified by the huge…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-09 Kianna Wan , Soonwon Choi , Isaac H. Kim , Noah Shutty , Patrick Hayden
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