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Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) aims to learn a model using a tiny labeled set and massive amounts of unlabeled data. To better exploit the unlabeled data the latest SSL methods use pseudo-labels predicted from a single discriminative…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Zhongying Deng , Rihuan Ke , Carola-Bibiane Schonlieb , Angelica I Aviles-Rivero

Existing semi-supervised learning (SSL) methods assume that labeled and unlabeled data share the same class space. However, in real-world applications, unlabeled data always contain classes not present in the labeled set, which may cause…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Wenjuan Xi , Xin Song , Weili Guo , Yang Yang

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) aims to improve performance by exploiting unlabeled data when labels are scarce. Conventional SSL studies typically assume close environments where important factors (e.g., label, feature, distribution)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Lan-Zhe Guo , Lin-Han Jia , Jie-Jing Shao , Yu-Feng Li

Pseudo-labeling (PL), a semi-supervised learning (SSL) method where a seed model performs self-training using pseudo-labels generated from untranscribed speech, has been shown to enhance the performance of end-to-end automatic speech…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-12 Yosuke Higuchi , Niko Moritz , Jonathan Le Roux , Takaaki Hori

Semi-supervised learning is attracting blooming attention, due to its success in combining unlabeled data. However, pseudo-labeling-based semi-supervised approaches suffer from two problems in image classification: (1) Existing methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Xuerong Zhang , Li Huang , Jing Lv , Ming Yang

Semi-supervised learning has substantially advanced medical image segmentation since it alleviates the heavy burden of acquiring the costly expert-examined annotations. Especially, the consistency-based approaches have attracted more…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-16 Zhe Xu , Yixin Wang , Donghuan Lu , Lequan Yu , Jiangpeng Yan , Jie Luo , Kai Ma , Yefeng Zheng , Raymond Kai-yu Tong

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) has demonstrated high performance in image classification tasks by effectively utilizing both labeled and unlabeled data. However, existing SSL methods often suffer from poor calibration, with models yielding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Mehrab Mustafy Rahman , Jayanth Mohan , Tiberiu Sosea , Cornelia Caragea

Class-agnostic motion prediction methods aim to comprehend motion within open-world scenarios, holding significance for autonomous driving systems. However, training a high-performance model in a fully-supervised manner always requires…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Kewei Wang , Yizheng Wu , Zhiyu Pan , Xingyi Li , Ke Xian , Zhe Wang , Zhiguo Cao , Guosheng Lin

Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) seeks to leverage large amounts of non-annotated data along with the smallest amount possible of annotated data in order to achieve the same level of performance as if all data were annotated. A fruitful…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Nikolaos Karaliolios , Hervé Le Borgne , Florian Chabot

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has become the de facto training paradigm of large models, where pre-training is followed by supervised fine-tuning using domain-specific data and labels. Despite demonstrating comparable performance with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Sofia Yfantidou , Dimitris Spathis , Marios Constantinides , Athena Vakali , Daniele Quercia , Fahim Kawsar

Consistency regularization and pseudo-labeling have significantly advanced semi-supervised learning (SSL). Prior works have effectively employed Mixup for consistency regularization in SSL. However, our findings indicate that applying Mixup…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Haorong Han , Jidong Yuan , Chixuan Wei , Zhongyang Yu

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) has emerged as a promising paradigm for breast ultrasound (BUS) image segmentation, but it often suffers from unstable pseudo labels under extremely limited annotations, leading to inaccurate supervision and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Ruili Li , Jiayi Ding , Ruiyu Li , Yilun Jin , Shiwen Ge , Yuwen Zeng , Xiaoyong Zhang , Eichi Takaya , Jan Vrba , Noriyasu Homma

Most recent semi-supervised deep learning (deep SSL) methods used a similar paradigm: use network predictions to update pseudo-labels and use pseudo-labels to update network parameters iteratively. However, they lack theoretical support and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-11-28 Guo-Hua Wang , Jianxin Wu

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) has recently proven to be an effective paradigm for leveraging a huge amount of unlabeled data while mitigating the reliance on large labeled data. Conventional methods focused on extracting a pseudo label…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-26 Jiwon Kim , Kwangrok Ryoo , Gyuseong Lee , Seokju Cho , Junyoung Seo , Daehwan Kim , Hansang Cho , Seungryong Kim

Self-supervised learning (SSL) methods targeting scene images have seen a rapid growth recently, and they mostly rely on either a dedicated dense matching mechanism or a costly unsupervised object discovery module. This paper shows that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-02 Ke Zhu , Minghao Fu , Jianxin Wu

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) provides a powerful framework for leveraging unlabeled data when labels are limited or expensive to obtain. SSL algorithms based on deep neural networks have recently proven successful on standard benchmark…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-28 Jiaxing Wang , Yin Zheng , Xiaoshuang Chen , Junzhou Huang , Jian Cheng

The core issue in semi-supervised learning (SSL) lies in how to effectively leverage unlabeled data, whereas most existing methods tend to put a great emphasis on the utilization of high-confidence samples yet seldom fully explore the usage…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-22 Yue Duan , Zhen Zhao , Lei Qi , Lei Wang , Luping Zhou , Yinghuan Shi , Yang Gao

This paper focuses on webly supervised learning (WSL), where datasets are built by crawling samples from the Internet and directly using search queries as web labels. Although WSL benefits from fast and low-cost data collection, noises in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-28 Jingkang Yang , Litong Feng , Weirong Chen , Xiaopeng Yan , Huabin Zheng , Ping Luo , Wayne Zhang

While significant advances exist in pseudo-label generation for semi-supervised semantic segmentation, pseudo-label selection remains understudied. Existing methods typically use fixed confidence thresholds to retain high-confidence…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Pan Liu , Jinshi Liu

Prediction-Powered Inference (PPI) is a recently proposed statistical inference technique for parameter estimation that leverages pseudo-labels on both labeled and unlabeled data to construct an unbiased, low-variance estimator. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Noa Shoham , Ron Dorfman , Shalev Shaer , Kfir Y. Levy , Yaniv Romano