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Explainable AI aims to render model behavior understandable by humans, which can be seen as an intermediate step in extracting causal relations from correlative patterns. Due to the high risk of possible fatal decisions in image-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Lukas Klein , João B. S. Carvalho , Mennatallah El-Assady , Paolo Penna , Joachim M. Buhmann , Paul F. Jaeger

Human-in-the-loop data analysis applications necessitate greater transparency in machine learning models for experts to understand and trust their decisions. To this end, we propose a visual analytics workflow to help data scientists and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-10-03 Josua Krause , Aritra Dasgupta , Jordan Swartz , Yindalon Aphinyanaphongs , Enrico Bertini

Automated anomaly detection from medical images, such as MRIs and X-rays, can significantly reduce human effort in disease diagnosis. Owing to the complexity of modeling anomalies and the high cost of manual annotation by domain experts…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-07 Md Mahfuzur Rahman Siddiquee , Jay Shah , Teresa Wu , Catherine Chong , Todd Schwedt , Baoxin Li

Model based diagnosis finds a growing range of practical applications, and significant performance-wise improvements have been achieved in recent years. Some of these improvements result from formulating the problem with maximum…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-07-10 Alexey Ignatiev , Antonio Morgado , Joao Marques-Silva

Multi-label classification is an essential task utilized in a wide variety of real-world applications. Multi-label zero-shot learning is a method for classifying images into multiple unseen categories for which no training data is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Muhammad Ali , Salman Khan

Many visualizations have been developed for explainable AI (XAI), but they often require further reasoning by users to interpret. Investigating XAI for high-stakes medical diagnosis, we propose improving domain alignment with diagrammatic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Brian Y. Lim , Joseph P. Cahaly , Chester Y. F. Sng , Adam Chew

It is imperative that breast cancer is detected precisely and timely to improve patient outcomes. Diagnostic methodologies have traditionally relied on unimodal approaches; however, medical data analytics is integrating diverse data sources…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Faseela Abdullakutty , Younes Akbari , Somaya Al-Maadeed , Ahmed Bouridane , Rifat Hamoudi

Vision-language models (VLMs) have recently shown remarkable zero-shot performance in medical image understanding, yet their grounding ability, the extent to which textual concepts align with visual evidence, remains underexplored. In the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Haozhe Luo , Shelley Zixin Shu , Ziyu Zhou , Sebastian Otalora , Mauricio Reyes

In recent years, few-shot and zero-shot learning, which learn to predict labels with limited annotated instances, have garnered significant attention. Traditional approaches often treat frequent-shot (freq-shot; labels with abundant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-07 Hanzi Xu , Muhao Chen , Lifu Huang , Slobodan Vucetic , Wenpeng Yin

Recent advancements in large-scale visual-language pre-trained models have led to significant progress in zero-/few-shot anomaly detection within natural image domains. However, the substantial domain divergence between natural and medical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Chaoqin Huang , Aofan Jiang , Jinghao Feng , Ya Zhang , Xinchao Wang , Yanfeng Wang

With the ongoing development of deep learning, an increasing number of AI models have surpassed the performance levels of human clinical practitioners. However, the prevalence of AI diagnostic products in actual clinical practice remains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Chenglong Wang , Yinqiao Yi , Yida Wang , Chengxiu Zhang , Yun Liu , Kensaku Mori , Mei Yuan , Guang Yang

The field of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) aims to improve the interpretability of black-box machine learning models. Building a heatmap based on the importance value of input features is a popular method for explaining the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Amirhossein Aminimehr , Pouya Khani , Amirali Molaei , Amirmohammad Kazemeini , Erik Cambria

A large-scale image-text pair dataset has greatly contributed to the development of vision-language pre-training (VLP) models, which enable zero-shot or few-shot classification without costly annotation. However, in the medical domain, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Kihyun You , Jawook Gu , Jiyeon Ham , Beomhee Park , Jiho Kim , Eun Kyoung Hong , Woonhyunk Baek , Byungseok Roh

There has recently been a surge of work in explanatory artificial intelligence (XAI). This research area tackles the important problem that complex machines and algorithms often cannot provide insights into their behavior and thought…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-02-05 Leilani H. Gilpin , David Bau , Ben Z. Yuan , Ayesha Bajwa , Michael Specter , Lalana Kagal

The success of deep learning models deployed in the real world depends critically on their ability to generalize well across diverse data domains. Here, we address a fundamental challenge with selective classification during automated…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Anuj Srivastava , Karm Patel , Pradeep Shenoy , Devarajan Sridharan

The challenge of learning a new concept, object, or a new medical disease recognition without receiving any examples beforehand is called Zero-Shot Learning (ZSL). One of the major issues in deep learning based methodologies such as in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Mahdi Rezaei , Mahsa Shahidi

Recent studies show that deep learning models achieve good performance on medical imaging tasks such as diagnosis prediction. Among the models, multimodality has been an emerging trend, integrating different forms of data such as chest…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-10 Haodi Zhang , Chenyu Xu , Peirou Liang , Ke Duan , Hao Ren , Weibin Cheng , Kaishun Wu

Medical vision-language models (VLMs) are strong zero-shot recognizers for medical imaging, but their reliability under domain shift hinges on calibrated uncertainty with guarantees. Split conformal prediction (SCP) offers finite-sample…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Behzad Bozorgtabar , Dwarikanath Mahapatra , Sudipta Roy , Muzammal Naseer , Imran Razzak , Zongyuan Ge

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods are designed to provide information about how AI-based models make predictions. In healthcare, there is a widespread expectation that these methods will provide relevant and accurate…

Zero-shot medical detection can further improve detection performance without relying on annotated medical images even upon the fine-tuned model, showing great clinical value. Recent studies leverage grounded vision-language models (GLIP)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Yuguang Yang , Tongfei Chen , Haoyu Huang , Linlin Yang , Chunyu Xie , Dawei Leng , Xianbin Cao , Baochang Zhang