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The passive management approach offers conservative investors a way to reduce risk concerning the market. This investment strategy aims at replicating a specific index, such as the NASDAQ Composite or the FTSE100 index. The problem is that…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2023-06-06 Julio Cezar Soares Silva , Adiel Teixeira de Almeida Filho

Index tracking, also known as passive investing, has gained significant traction in financial markets due to its cost-effective and efficient approach to replicating the performance of a specific market index. This review paper provides a…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2026-01-08 Vrinda Dhingra , Amita Sharma , Anubha Goel

We address the problem of partial index tracking, replicating a benchmark index using a small number of assets. Accurate tracking with a sparse portfolio is extensively studied as a classic finance problem. However in practice, a tracking…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2020-02-04 Yu Zheng , Timothy M. Hospedales , Yongxin Yang

Sparse index tracking is a prominent passive portfolio management strategy that constructs a sparse portfolio to track a financial index. A sparse portfolio is preferable to a full portfolio in terms of reducing transaction costs and…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2024-03-19 Eisuke Yamagata , Shunsuke Ono

Portfolio optimization is an important process in finance that consists in finding the optimal asset allocation that maximizes expected returns while minimizing risk. When assets are allocated in discrete units, this is a combinatorial…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-10-04 Álvaro Rubio-García , Juan José García-Ripoll , Diego Porras

Portfolio optimization is a routine asset management operation conducted in financial institutions around the world. However, under real-world constraints such as turnover limits and transaction costs, its formulation becomes a…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-07-11 Nishan Ranabhat , Behnam Javanparast , David Goerz , Estelle Inack

Tracking a financial index boils down to replicating its trajectory of returns for a well-defined time span by investing in a weighted subset of the securities included in the benchmark. Picking the optimal combination of assets becomes a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-22 Samuel Fernández-Lorenzo , Diego Porras , Juan José García-Ripoll

Portfolio optimization is one of the most studied problems for demonstrating the near-term applications of quantum computing. However, large-scale problems cannot be solved on today's quantum hardware. In this work, we extend upon a study…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-03 Naman Jain , M Girish Chandra

In the practical business environment, portfolio managers often face business-driven requirements that limit the number of constituents in their tracking portfolio. A natural index tracking model is thus to minimize a tracking error measure…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-06-22 Fengmin Xu , Zhaosong Lu , Zongben Xu

Partial (replication) index tracking is a popular passive investment strategy. It aims to replicate the performance of a given index by constructing a tracking portfolio which contains some constituents of the index. The tracking error…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2019-11-15 Yu Zheng , Bowei Chen , Timothy M. Hospedales , Yongxin Yang

Recently, $L_1$ regularization have been attracted extensive attention and successfully applied in mean-variance portfolio selection for promoting out-of-sample properties and decreasing transaction costs. However, $L_1$ regularization…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-06-22 Fengmin Xu , Zongben Xu , Honggang Xue

We solve a multi-period portfolio optimization problem using D-Wave Systems' quantum annealer. We derive a formulation of the problem, discuss several possible integer encoding schemes, and present numerical examples that show high success…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2016-09-29 Gili Rosenberg , Poya Haghnegahdar , Phil Goddard , Peter Carr , Kesheng Wu , Marcos López de Prado

This paper studies the finite horizon portfolio management by optimally tracking a ratcheting capital benchmark process. It is assumed that the fund manager can dynamically inject capital into the portfolio account such that the total…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2021-05-03 Lijun Bo , Huafu Liao , Xiang Yu

Index funds are substantially preferred by investors nowadays, and market sensitivities are instrumental in managing index funds. An index fund is a mutual fund aiming to track the returns of a predefined market index (e.g., the S&P 500). A…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2022-12-20 Yoonsik Hong , Yanghoon Kim , Jeonghun Kim , Yongmin Choi

Portfolio management problems are often divided into two types: active and passive, where the objective is to outperform and track a preselected benchmark, respectively. Here, we formulate and solve a dynamic asset allocation problem that…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2018-07-31 Ali Al-Aradi , Sebastian Jaimungal

Hybrid-quantum classical optimization has emerged as a promising direction for addressing financial decision problems under current quantum hardware constraints. In this work we present a practical end-to-end portfolio optimization pipeline…

In this paper we tackle the problem of dynamic portfolio optimization, i.e., determining the optimal trading trajectory for an investment portfolio of assets over a period of time, taking into account transaction costs and other possible…

Portfolio optimization (PO) is extensively employed in financial services to assist in achieving investment objectives. By providing an optimal asset allocation, PO effectively balances the risk and returns associated with investments.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-09 Zhijie Tang , Alex Lu Dou , Arit Kumar Bishwas

Recently, several researchers proposed portfolio optimization as a potential use case for quantum optimization. However, the literature is lacking an extensive benchmark quantifying the potential of quantum computers for portfolio…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-23 Eric Stopfer , Friedrich Wagner

We study the construction and rebalancing of sparse index-tracking portfolios from an operational research perspective, with explicit emphasis on uncertainty quantification and implementability. The decision variables are portfolio weights…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-12-29 Dimitrios Roxanas
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