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We study the dynamics of an open quantum system interacting with a non-thermal bath. Here, "non-thermal" means that the bath modes do not need to have the same temperature, but they have an effective temperature distribution. We find that,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-04-12 Sheng-Wen Li , Moochan B. Kim , Marlan O. Scully

Providing the microscopic behavior of a thermalization process has always been an intriguing issue. There are several models of thermalization, which often requires interaction of the system under consideration with the microscopic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-24 Prathik J Cherian , Sagnik Chakraborty , Sibasish Ghosh

A complete characterization of the set of states that can be achieved through Thermal Processes (TP) is given by describing all vertices, edges and facets of the allowed set of states in the language of thermomajorization curves. TPs are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-17 Paweł Mazurek

A quantum system and a thermal bath can reach thermal equilibrium through an interaction, whereupon the system acquires the same temperature as the bath. But how does a delocalised quantum system thermalise with a bath whose local…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-06 Carolyn E. Wood , Harshit Verma , Fabio Costa , Magdalena Zych

Our aim is twofold: First, we rigorously analyse the generators of quantum-dynamical semigroups of thermodynamic processes. We characterise a wide class of GKSL-generators for quantum maps within thermal operations and argue that every…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-12 Frederik vom Ende , Emanuel Malvetti , Gunther Dirr , Thomas Schulte-Herbrüggen

The thermodynamics of small quantum many-body systems strongly coupled to a heat bath at low temperatures with non-Markovian behavior are new challenges for quantum thermodynamics, as traditional thermodynamics is built on large systems…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-23 Jen-Tsung Hsiang , B. L. Hu

Collision models provide a simple and versatile setting to capture the dynamics of open quantum systems. The standard approach to thermalisition in this setting involves an environment of independent and identically-prepared thermal qubits,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-10 Ronan McElvogue , Andrew K. Mitchell , Gabriel T. Landi , Steve Campbell

The thermodynamic formalism allows one to access the chaotic properties of equilibrium and out-of-equilibrium systems, by deriving those from a dynamical partition function. The definition that has been given for this partition function…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2011-11-29 Vivien Lecomte , Cécile Appert-Rolland , Frédéric van Wijland

From a new rigorous formulation of the general axiomatic foundations of thermodynamics we derive an operational definition of entropy that responds to the emergent need in many technological frameworks to understand and deploy thermodynamic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-21 Gian Paolo Beretta , Enzo Zanchini

We consider the problem of finding the energy minimum of a complex quantum Hamiltonian by employing a non-Markovian bath prepared in a low energy state. The energy minimization problem is thus turned into a thermodynamic cooling protocol in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-29 Alberto Imparato , Nicholas Chancellor , Gabriele De Chiara

Quantum thermodynamics is a research field that aims at fleshing out the ultimate limits of thermodynamic processes in the deep quantum regime. A complete picture of quantum thermodynamics allows for catalysts, i.e., systems facilitating…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-09-02 Nelly Huei Ying Ng , Laura Mančinska , Cristina Cirstoiu , Jens Eisert , Stephanie Wehner

Environments in quantum thermodynamics usually take the role of heat baths. These baths are Markovian, weakly coupled to the system, and initialized in a thermal state. Whenever one of these properties is missing, standard quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-02 Alessandra Colla , Heinz-Peter Breuer

Quantum thermodynamics studies how quantum systems and operations may be exploited as sources of work to perform useful thermodynamic tasks. In real-world conditions, the evolution of open quantum systems typically displays memory effects,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-30 Guilherme Zambon , Gerardo Adesso

We establish an analytical criterion for dynamical thermalization within harmonic systems, applicable to both classical and quantum models. Specifically, we prove that thermalization of various observables, such as particle energies in…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-07-29 Marco Cattaneo , Marco Baldovin , Dario Lucente , Paolo Muratore-Ginanneschi , Angelo Vulpiani

Temperature is usually defined for physical systems at thermal equilibrium. Nevertheless one may wonder if it would be possible to attribute a meaningful notion of temperature to an arbitrary quantum state, beyond simply the thermal (Gibbs)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-01 Patryk Lipka-Bartosik , Martí Perarnau-Llobet , Nicolas Brunner

The resource theory of thermal operations explains the state transformations that are possible in a very specific thermodynamic setting: there is only one thermal bath, auxiliary systems can only be in corresponding thermal state (free…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-15 Angeline Shu , Yu Cai , Stella Seah , Stefan Nimmrichter , Valerio Scarani

We define a thermostatic system to be a convex space of states together with a concave function sending each state to its entropy, which is an extended real number. This definition applies to classical thermodynamics, classical statistical…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2023-02-13 John C. Baez , Owen Lynch , Joe Moeller

In this short review article, we present recent progress in quantum thermodynamics in the framework with a correlated catalyst. We examine two key properties of thermal operations, the Gibbs preserving property and the covariant property.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-16 Naoto Shiraishi

The issue of thermalization in open quantum systems is explored from the perspective of fermion models with quadratic couplings and linear baths. Both the thermodynamic state and the stationary solution of the Lindblad equation are rendered…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-16 Jose Reslen

Thermal machines perform useful tasks--such as producing work, cooling, or heating--by exchanging energy, and possibly additional conserved quantities such as particles, with reservoirs. Here we consider thermal machines that perform more…