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Blockchain is a relatively new technology that can be seen as a decentralised database. Blockchain systems heavily rely on cryptographic hash functions to store their data, which makes it difficult to tamper with any data stored in the…
Deep neural networks have become essential for numerous applications due to their strong empirical performance such as vision, RL, and classification. Unfortunately, these networks are quite difficult to interpret, and this limits their…
Graph convolutional networks (GCNs) is a class of artificial neural networks for processing data that can be represented as graphs. Since financial transactions can naturally be constructed as graphs, GCNs are widely applied in the…
The State Database of a blockchain stores account data and enables authentication. Modern blockchains use fast consensus protocols to avoid forking, improving throughput and finality. However, Ethereum's StateDB was designed for a forking…
Fraud detection problems are usually formulated as a machine learning problem on a graph. Recently, Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have shown solid performance on fraud detection. The successes of most previous methods heavily rely on rich…
This paper examines the complex legal landscape surrounding digital assets, analysing how they are defined and regulated as property across various jurisdictions. As digital assets such as cryptocurrencies and non-fungible tokens (NFTs)…
Conformal prediction for graph neural networks (GNNs) offers a promising framework for quantifying uncertainty, enhancing GNN reliability in high-stakes applications. However, existing methods predominantly focus on static graphs,…
Wash trading in decentralized markets remains a significant concern magnified by the pseudonymous and public nature of blockchains. In this paper we introduce an innovative methodology designed to detect wash trading activities beyond…
Modern blockchain systems are a fresh look at the paradigm of distributed computing, applied under assumptions of large-scale public networks. They can be used to store and share information without a trusted central party. There has been…
Blockchain technology is ushering in another break-out year, the challenge of blockchain still remains to be solved. This paper analyzes the features of Bitcoin and Bitcoin-NG system based on blockchain, proposes an improved method of…
The explosive growth of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) has revolutionized digital ownership by enabling the creation, exchange, and monetization of unique assets on blockchain networks. However, this surge in popularity has also given rise to a…
Most state-of-the-art Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) can be defined as a form of graph convolution which can be realized by message passing between direct neighbors or beyond. To scale such GNNs to large graphs, various neighbor-, layer-, or…
The financial sustainability of a generic supply chain is a complex problem, which can be addressed through detailed monitoring of financial operations deriving from stakeholder interrelationships and consequent analysis of these financial…
Blockchain is an emerging technology that enables new forms of decentralized software architectures, where distributed components can reach agreements on shared system states without trusting a central integration point. Blockchain provides…
The universality of a quantum neural network refers to its ability to approximate arbitrary functions and is a theoretical guarantee for its effectiveness. A non-universal neural network could fail in completing the machine learning task.…
Ethereum smart contracts are highly powerful, immutable, and able to retain massive amounts of tokens. However, smart contracts keep attracting attackers to benefit from smart contract flaws and Ethereum unexpected behavior. Thus,…
Blockchain technology has the characteristics of decentralization, traceability and tamper proof, which creates a reliable decentralized transaction mode, further accelerating the development of the blockchain platforms. However, with the…
The explicit analytical expression of the Nonlinear Fourier Transform (NFT) of a finite set of data is provided. Then a simple recursion relation for the NFT is constructed as a function of the spectral parameter. These tools provide a…
Metaverse has rekindled human beings' desire to further break space-time barriers by fusing the virtual and real worlds. However, security and privacy threats hinder us from building a utopia. A metaverse embraces various techniques, while…
The graph-based model can help to detect suspicious fraud online. Owing to the development of Graph Neural Networks~(GNNs), prior research work has proposed many GNN-based fraud detection frameworks based on either homogeneous graphs or…