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Blockchain is a technology that is often used to share data and assets. However, in the decentralized ecosystem, blockchain-based systems can be utilized to share information and assets without the traditional barriers associated with solo…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Viktor Valaštín , Roman Bitarovský , Kristián Košťál , Ivan Kotuliak

The rise of the industrial metaverse has brought digital twins (DTs) to the forefront. Blockchain-powered non-fungible tokens (NFTs) offer a decentralized approach to creating and owning these cloneable DTs. However, the potential for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Ravi Prakash , Tony Thomas

Non-fungible tokens(NFTs) are on the rise. They can represent artworks exhibited for marketing purposes on webpages of companies or online stores -- analogously to physical artworks. Lending of NFTs is an attractive form of passive income…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-08-07 Alfred Sopi , Johannes Schneider , Jan vom Brocke

Recently, the birth of non-fungible tokens (NFTs) has attracted great attention. NFTs are capable of representing users' ownership on the blockchain and have experienced tremendous market sales due to their popularity. Unfortunately, the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-07 Shuo Yang , Jiachi Chen , Zibin Zheng

Numerous studies have been conducted to investigate the properties of large-scale temporal graphs. Despite the ubiquity of these graphs in real-world scenarios, it's usually impractical for us to obtain the whole real-time graphs due to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Zhen Zhang , Bingqiao Luo , Shengliang Lu , Bingsheng He

Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) are digital assets recorded on the blockchain, providing cryptographic proof of ownership over digital or physical items. Although Solana has only begun to gain popularity in recent years, its NFT market has seen…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Dechao Kong , Xiaoqi Li , Wenkai Li

A non-fungible token (NFT) market is a new trading invention based on the blockchain technology which parallels the cryptocurrency market. In the present work we study capitalization, floor price, the number of transactions, the…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2024-01-17 Paweł Szydło , Marcin Wątorek , Jarosław Kwapień , Stanisław Drożdż

Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) represent deeds of ownership, based on blockchain technologies and smart contracts, of unique crypto assets on digital art forms (e.g., artworks or collectibles). In the spotlight after skyrocketing in 2021, NFTs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Davide Costa , Lucio La Cava , Andrea Tagarelli

Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) offer a promising mechanism to protect Australian and Indigenous artists' copyright. They represent and transfer the value of artwork in digital form. Before adopting NFTs to protect Australian artwork, we in this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Ruiqiang Li , Brian Yecies , Qin Wang , Shiping Chen , Jun Shen

With the growing popularity of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFT), a new type of digital assets, various fraudulent activities have appeared in NFT markets. Among them, wash trading has become one of the most common frauds in NFT markets, which…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Xiaolin Wen , Yong Wang , Xuanwu Yue , Feida Zhu , Min Zhu

We argue that the technical foundations of non-fungible tokens (NFTs) remain inadequately understood. Prior research has focused on market dynamics, user behavior, and isolated security incidents, yet systematic analysis of the standards…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Minfeng Qi , Qin Wang , Guangsheng Yu , Ruiqiang Li , Victor Zhou , Shiping Chen

Protecting integrated circuits (ICs) from piracy and theft throughout their lifecycle is a persistent and complex challenge. In order to safeguard against illicit piracy attacks, this work proposes a novel framework utilizing Non-Fungible…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Shashank Balla , Yiming Zhao , Farinaz Koushanfar

Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) have emerged as a way to collect digital art as well as an investment vehicle. Despite having been popularized only recently, NFT markets have witnessed several high-profile (and high-value) asset sales and a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-28 Dipanjan Das , Priyanka Bose , Nicola Ruaro , Christopher Kruegel , Giovanni Vigna

We quantify Non Fungible Token (NFT) rarity and investigate how it impacts market behaviour by analysing a dataset of 3.7M transactions collected between January 2018 and June 2022, involving 1.4M NFTs distributed across 410 collections.…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2024-05-24 Amin Mekacher , Alberto Bracci , Matthieu Nadini , Mauro Martino , Laura Alessandretti , Luca Maria Aiello , Andrea Baronchelli

Our study empirically predicts the bubble of non-fungible tokens (NFTs): transferable and unique digital assets on public blockchains. This topic is important because, despite their strong market growth in 2021, NFTs on a project basis have…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2022-06-17 Kensuke Ito , Kyohei Shibano , Gento Mogi

Recent initiatives related to the Metaverse focus on better visualisation, like augmented or virtual reality, but also persistent digital objects. To guarantee real ownership of these digital objects, open systems based on public…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-02-27 Roberto García , Ana Cediel , Mercè Teixidó , Rosa Gil

Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) are transforming how content creators, such as artists, price and sell their work. A key feature of NFTs is the inclusion of royalties, which grant creators a share of all future resale proceeds. Although widely…

General Economics · Economics 2026-04-06 Brett Hemenway Falk , Gerry Tsoukalas , Niuniu Zhang

We are witnessing the emergence of a new digital art market, the art market 3.0. Blockchain technology has taken on a new sector which is still not well known, Non-Fungible tokens (NFT). In this paper we propose a new methodology to build a…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2022-03-08 Hugo Schnoering , Hugo Inzirillo

Existing NFTs confront restrictions of \textit{one-time incentive} and \textit{product isolation}. Creators cannot obtain benefits once having sold their NFT products due to the lack of relationships across different NFTs, which results in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-16 Qin Wang , Guangsheng Yu , Shange Fu , Shiping Chen , Jiangshan Yu , Sherry Xu

Non Fungible Tokens have changed digital ownership and how creators earn money. Between 2021 and 2024, the market value exceeded 40 billion. However, the fast growth of the NFT ecosystem has revealed serious issues in managing intellectual…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Pranav Darshan , Rohan J S , Raghuveer Rajesh , Ruchitha M , Sanika Kamath , Manas M N