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Neural speech codecs aim to compress input signals into minimal bits while maintaining content quality in a low-latency manner. However, existing neural codecs often trade model complexity for reconstruction performance. These codecs…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Yuzhe Gu , Enmao Diao

The tokenization of speech with neural audio codec models is a vital part of modern AI pipelines for the generation or understanding of speech, alone or in a multimodal context. Traditionally such tokenization models have concentrated on…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-02 Julian D Parker , Anton Smirnov , Jordi Pons , CJ Carr , Zack Zukowski , Zach Evans , Xubo Liu

In order to efficiently transmit and store speech signals, speech codecs create a minimally redundant representation of the input signal which is then decoded at the receiver with the best possible perceptual quality. In this work we…

Neural Audio Codecs, initially designed as a compression technique, have gained more attention recently for speech generation. Codec models represent each audio frame as a sequence of tokens, i.e., discrete embeddings. The discrete and…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-31 Alexander H. Liu , Qirui Wang , Yuan Gong , James Glass

Neural audio codecs are widely used as tokenizers for spoken language models, but they are optimized for waveform reconstruction rather than autoregressive prediction. This mismatch injects acoustically driven uncertainty into the discrete…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Ho-Lam Chung , Yiming Chen , Hung-yi Lee

A good audio codec for live applications such as telecommunication is characterized by three key properties: (1) compression, i.e.\ the bitrate that is required to transmit the signal should be as low as possible; (2) latency, i.e.\…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-29 Yi-Chiao Wu , Israel D. Gebru , Dejan Marković , Alexander Richard

Discrete speech tokenization is a fundamental component in speech codecs. However, in large-scale speech-to-speech systems, the complexity of parallel streams from multiple quantizers and the computational cost of high-time-dimensional…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Rongkun Xue , Yazhe Niu , Shuai Hu , Zixin Yin , Yongqiang Yao , Jing Yang

Speech codecs are traditionally optimized for waveform fidelity, allocating bits to preserve acoustic detail even when much of it can be inferred from linguistic structure. This leads to inefficient compression and suboptimal performance on…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Liuyang Bai , Weiyi Lu , Li Guo

Current large speech language models are mainly based on semantic tokens from discretization of self-supervised learned representations and acoustic tokens from a neural codec, following a semantic-modeling and acoustic-synthesis paradigm.…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Xue Jiang , Xiulian Peng , Yuan Zhang , Yan Lu

Neural audio codecs have recently gained traction for their ability to compress high-fidelity audio and provide discrete tokens for generative modeling. However, leading approaches often rely on resource-intensive models and complex…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Linwei Zhai , Han Ding , Cui Zhao , fei wang , Ge Wang , Wang Zhi , Wei Xi

This paper presents PhoenixCodec, a comprehensive neural speech coding and decoding framework designed for extremely low-resource conditions. The proposed system integrates an optimized asymmetric frequency-time architecture, a Cyclical…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-24 Zixiang Wan , Haoran Zhao , Guochang Zhang , Runqiang Han , Jianqiang Wei , Yuexian Zou

Neural speech codecs have recently emerged as a focal point in the fields of speech compression and generation. Despite this progress, achieving high-quality speech reconstruction under low-bitrate scenarios remains a significant challenge.…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Yu Pan , Xiang Zhang , Yuguang Yang , Jixun Yao , Yanni Hu , Jianhao Ye , Hongbin Zhou , Lei Ma , Jianjun Zhao

The neural codec model reduces speech data transmission delay and serves as the foundational tokenizer for speech language models (speech LMs). Preserving emotional information in codecs is crucial for effective communication and context…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-31 Wenze Ren , Yi-Cheng Lin , Huang-Cheng Chou , Haibin Wu , Yi-Chiao Wu , Chi-Chun Lee , Hung-yi Lee , Yu Tsao

Recent advancements in audio generation have been significantly propelled by the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). The existing research on audio LLM has primarily focused on enhancing the architecture and scale of audio…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-28 Zhen Ye , Peiwen Sun , Jiahe Lei , Hongzhan Lin , Xu Tan , Zheqi Dai , Qiuqiang Kong , Jianyi Chen , Jiahao Pan , Qifeng Liu , Yike Guo , Wei Xue

While many current neural speech codecs achieve impressive reconstructed speech quality, they often neglect latency and complexity considerations, limiting their practical deployment in downstream tasks such as real-time speech…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-18 En-Wei Zhang , Hui-Peng Du , Xiao-Hang Jiang , Yang Ai , Zhen-Hua Ling

Ultra-low-bitrate speech coding is pivotal for bandwidth-constrained communication and deep compression, yet maintaining naturalness and speaker identity at such extreme bit budgets remains challenging due to pronounced information loss and…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-26 Hui-Peng Du , Yang Ai , Xiao-Hang Jiang , Yuan Tian , Zhen-Hua Ling

Neural audio codecs, used as speech tokenizers, have demonstrated remarkable potential in the field of speech generation. However, to ensure high-fidelity audio reconstruction, neural audio codecs typically encode audio into long sequences…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-02 Wenrui Liu , Qian Chen , Wen Wang , Yafeng Chen , Jin Xu , Zhifang Guo , Guanrou Yang , Weiqin Li , Xiaoda Yang , Tao Jin , Minghui Fang , Jialong Zuo , Bai Jionghao , Zemin Liu

Audio coding is an essential module in the real-time communication system. Neural audio codecs can compress audio samples with a low bitrate due to the strong modeling and generative capabilities of deep neural networks. To address the poor…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Wenzhe Liu , Wei Xiao , Meng Wang , Shan Yang , Yupeng Shi , Yuyong Kang , Dan Su , Shidong Shang , Dong Yu

In low-bitrate speech coding, end-to-end speech coding networks aim to learn compact yet expressive features and a powerful decoder in a single network. A challenging problem as such results in unwelcome complexity increase and inferior…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-16 Haici Yang , Inseon Jang , Minje Kim

Recent advancements in audio language models have underscored the pivotal role of audio tokenization, which converts audio signals into discrete tokens, thereby facilitating the application of language model architectures to the audio…